Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis.
E C Harris,B Barraclough +1 more
TLDR
Almost all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia, which is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between.Abstract:
BACKGROUND Mental disorders have a strong association with suicide. This meta-analysis, or statistical overview, of the literature gives an estimate of the suicide risk of the common mental disorders.
METHOD We searched the medical literature to find reports on the mortality of mental disorders. English language reports were located on MEDLINE (1966-1993) with the search terms mental disorders', 'brain injury', 'eating disorders', 'epilepsy', 'suicide attempt', 'psychosurgery', with 'mortality' and 'follow-up studies', and from the reference lists of these reports. We abstracted 249 reports with two years or more follow-up and less than 10% loss of subjects, and compared observed numbers of suicides with those expected. A standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for each disorder.
RESULTS Of 44 disorders considered, 36 have a significantly raised SMR for suicide, five have a raised SMR which fails to reach significance, one SMR is not raised and for two entries the SMR could not be calculated.
CONCLUSIONS If these results can be generalised then virtually all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia. The suicide risk is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between. However, within these broad groupings the suicide risk varies widely.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford,Louisa Degenhardt,Louisa Degenhardt,Juergen Rehm,Juergen Rehm,Amanda J Baxter,Amanda J Baxter,Alize J. Ferrari,Alize J. Ferrari,Holly E. Erskine,Holly E. Erskine,Fiona J Charlson,Fiona J Charlson,Rosana E. Norman,Rosana E. Norman,Abraham D. Flaxman,Nicole E. Johns,Roy Burstein,Christopher J L Murray,Theo Vos +20 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) as discussed by the authors was used to estimate the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs).
Journal ArticleDOI
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Kimberly A. Van Orden,Tracy K. Witte,Kelly C. Cukrowicz,Scott R. Braithwaite,Edward A. Selby,Thomas E. Joiner +5 more
TL;DR: The theory is proposed that the most dangerous form of suicidal desire is caused by the simultaneous presence of two interpersonal constructs-thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (and hopelessness about these states)-and further that the capability to engage in suicidal behavior is separate from the desire to engageIn suicidal behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
World report on violence and health
TL;DR: Men and women everywhere have the right to live their lives and raise their children free from the fear of violence, and to help them enjoy that right by making it clearly understood that violence is preventable, and by working together to identify and address its underlying causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Excess mortality of mental disorder.
E C Harris,B Barraclough +1 more
TL;DR: All mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death, and risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Julia F. Sowislo,Ulrich Orth +1 more
TL;DR: If future research supports the hypothesized causality of the vulnerability effect of low self- esteem on depression, interventions aimed at increasing self-esteem might be useful in reducing the risk of depression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors intensively studied 207 patients hospitalized because of suicidal ideation, but not for recent suicide attempts, at the time of admission, and found that a score of 10 or more on the Hopelessness Scale correctly identified 91 % of the eventual suicides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients.
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study of 1,958 outpatients found that hopelessness, as measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale, was significantly related to eventual suicide, and a scale cutoff score of 9 or above identified 16 (94.2%) of the 17 patients who eventually committed suicide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time-related predictors of suicide in major affective disorder
Jan Fawcett,William A. Scheftner,Louis Fogg,David Clark,Michael A. Young,Donald Hedeker,Robert D. Gibbons +6 more
TL;DR: The authors studied 954 psychiatric patients with major affective disorders and found that nine clinical features were associated with suicide, drawing attention to the importance of standardized prospective data for studies of suicide, assessment of short-term suicide risk factors, and anxiety symptoms as modifiable Suicide risk factors within a clinically relevant period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of the literature or of individual patient data: is there a difference?
Lesley A. Stewart,M.K.B Parmar +1 more
TL;DR: The difference between meta-analysis of the literature (MAL) and meta- analysis of individual patient data (MAP) is investigated by comparing the two approaches using randomised trials of cisplatin-based therapy in ovarian cancer by finding a result of greater statistical significance and an estimate of absolute treatment effect three times as large as the MAP.
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