Journal ArticleDOI
Excess mortality of mental disorder.
E C Harris,B Barraclough +1 more
TLDR
All mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death, and risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression.Abstract:
BACKGROUND We describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.
METHOD With a Medline search (1966-1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.
RESULTS Highest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.
CONCLUSION All mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders.
Jürgen Rehm,Colin Mathers,Svetlana Popova,Svetlana Popova,Montarat Thavorncharoensap,Montarat Thavorncharoensap,Yot Teerawattananon,Jayadeep Patra +7 more
TL;DR: The burden of mortality and disease attributable to alcohol, both globally and for ten large countries, is quantified and concludes that alcohol consumption is one of the major avoidable risk factors, and actions to reduce burden and costs associated with alcohol should be urgently increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic Epidemiology of Major Depression: Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of relevant data from primary studies of the genetic epidemiology of major depression suggested that familial aggregation was due to additive genetic effects, with a minimal contribution of environmental effects common to siblings and substantial individual-specific environmental effects/measurement error.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time?
TL;DR: In light of the potential for second-generation antipsychotic medications to further adversely influence mortality rates in the decades to come, optimizing the general health of people with schizophrenia warrants urgent attention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
TL;DR: Estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide, and efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders.I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care
Marc De Hert,Christoph U. Correll,Julio Bobes,Marcelo Cetkovich-Bakmas,Dan Cohen,Itsuo Asai,Johan Detraux,S. Gautam,Hans-Jurgen Möller,David M. Ndetei,John W. Newcomer,Richard Uwakwe,Stefan Leucht +12 more
TL;DR: Prevalence rates of different physical illnesses as well as important individual lifestyle choices, side effects of psychotropic treatment and disparities in health care access, utilization and provision that contribute to these poor physical health outcomes are reported.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis.
E C Harris,B Barraclough +1 more
TL;DR: Almost all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia, which is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of the literature or of individual patient data: is there a difference?
Lesley A. Stewart,M.K.B Parmar +1 more
TL;DR: The difference between meta-analysis of the literature (MAL) and meta- analysis of individual patient data (MAP) is investigated by comparing the two approaches using randomised trials of cisplatin-based therapy in ovarian cancer by finding a result of greater statistical significance and an estimate of absolute treatment effect three times as large as the MAP.
Journal Article
Causes of death.
Avignon Pd,Lindahl J,Werneman H +2 more
TL;DR: The causes of death from the new form have been collapsed into the categories of the old form and more detail is provided below regarding withdrawal as cause of death according to the new forms which inquired for each death whether withdrawal from dialysis had occurred.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can meta-analyses be trusted?
TL;DR: It is concluded that meta-analysis is not an exact statistical science that provides definitive simple answers to complex clinical problems and is more appropriately viewed as a valuable objective descriptive technique, which often furnishes clear qualitative conclusions about broad treatment policies, but whose quantitative results have to be interpreted cautiously.