Journal ArticleDOI
Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii.
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TLDR
This review discusses some widely used molecular methods and proposes an integrated approach for the detection and identification of T. gondii, in order to generate maximum information for epidemiological, population and phylogenetic studies of this key pathogen.Abstract:
The development of simple, sensitive and rapid methods for the detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii is important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of the zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis. In the past 2 decades, molecular methods based on a variety of genetic markers have been developed, each with its advantages and limitations. The application of these methods has generated invaluable information to enhance our understanding of the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeny of T. gondii. However, since most studies focused solely on the detection but not genetic characterization of T. gondii, the information obtained was limited. In this review, we discuss some widely used molecular methods and propose an integrated approach for the detection and identification of T. gondii, in order to generate maximum information for epidemiological, population and phylogenetic studies of this key pathogen.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology.
TL;DR: Prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control of T. gondii in humans and animals in Brazil are reviewed to help biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians understand the severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Globally diverse Toxoplasma gondii isolates comprise six major clades originating from a small number of distinct ancestral lineages
Chunlei Su,Asis Khan,Peng Zhou,D. Majumdar,Daniel Ajzenberg,Marie-Laure Dardé,Xing-Quan Zhu,James W. Ajioka,Benjamin M. Rosenthal,Jitender P. Dubey,L. David Sibley +10 more
TL;DR: Analysis of gene flow indicates that a small number of ancestral lineages gave rise to the existing diversity through a process of limited admixture, and marked phenotypic variation characterizes isolates of Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geographical patterns of Toxoplasma gondii genetic diversity revealed by multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping
E. Keats Shwab,Xing-Quan Zhu,D. Majumdar,Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena,Solange Maria Gennari,Jitender P. Dubey,Chunlei Su +6 more
TL;DR: The results revealed distinct population structures and geographical patterns of diversity in Toxoplasma gondii, with only Europe and North America exhibiting similar diversity as discussed by the authors, and there is no clear dominance of any genotype even though a few have relatively higher frequencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii
TL;DR: Conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods and DNA-based molecular techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection and will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.
Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 8 - Toxoplasmosis
Sandra K. Halonen,Louis M. Weiss +1 more
TL;DR: The major clinical outcomes of congenital infection, chorioretinitis and encephalitis, and the possible association of infection of toxoplasmosis with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans
TL;DR: Recent epidemiological data on T. gondii, hypotheses on the major routes of transmission to humans in different populations, and preventive measures that may reduce the risk of contracting a primary infection during pregnancy are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxoplasma gondii Comprises Three Clonal Lineages: Correlation of Parasite Genotype with Human Disease
D K Howe,L D Sibley +1 more
TL;DR: The population genetic structure of Toxoplasma gondii was determined by multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis at 6 loci in 106 independent isolates from humans and animals, indicating a highly unusual population structure consisting of 3 widespread clonal lineages.
Book
Microsatellites: Evolution and Applications
TL;DR: A comparison approach to the study of microsatellite evolution and the fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding is suggested.
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Toxoplasma gondii Comprises Three Clonal Lineages: Correlation of Parasite Genotype with Human Disease
D K Howe,L D Sibley +1 more