Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple reward signals in the brain
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TLDR
Recent neurophysiological studies in primates that have revealed that neurons in a limited number of brain structures carry specific signals about past and future rewards provide the first step towards an understanding of how rewards influence behaviour before they are received.Abstract:
The fundamental biological importance of rewards has created an increasing interest in the neuronal processing of reward information. The suggestion that the mechanisms underlying drug addiction might involve natural reward systems has also stimulated interest. This article focuses on recent neurophysiological studies in primates that have revealed that neurons in a limited number of brain structures carry specific signals about past and future rewards. This research provides the first step towards an understanding of how rewards influence behaviour before they are received and how the brain might use reward information to control learning and goal-directed behaviour.read more
Citations
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Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top–down processing
TL;DR: It is argued that coherence among subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations could be exploited to express selective functional relationships during states of expectancy or attention, and these dynamic patterns could allow the grouping and selection of distributed neuronal responses for further processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging.
Suzanne N. Haber,Brian Knutson +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that human functional and structural imaging results map increasingly close to primate anatomy, and advances in neuroimaging techniques allow better spatial and temporal resolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobiology of depression.
Eric J. Nestler,Michel Barrot,Ralph J. DiLeone,Amelia J. Eisch,Stephen J. Gold,Lisa M. Monteggia +5 more
TL;DR: A neurobiologic understanding of depression also requires identification of the genes that make individuals vulnerable or resistant to the syndrome, and advances will fundamentally improve the treatment and prevention of depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing
Catalin V. Buhusi,Warren H. Meck +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental activation of different neural populations.
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On the relationship between emotion and cognition
TL;DR: It is argued that complex cognitive–emotional behaviours have their basis in dynamic coalitions of networks of brain areas, none of which should be conceptualized as specifically affective or cognitive.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward
TL;DR: Findings in this work indicate that dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.
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The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
TL;DR: S sensitization of incentive salience can produce addictive behavior even if the expectation of drug pleasure or the aversive properties of withdrawal are diminished and even in the face of strong disincentives, including the loss of reputation, job, home and family.
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Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons
TL;DR: Dopamine systems may have two functions, the phasic transmission of reward information and the tonic enabling of postsynaptic neurons.
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A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli.
John M. Pearce,Geoffrey Hall +1 more
TL;DR: A new model is proposed that deals with the explanation of cases in which learning does not occur in spite of the fact that the conditioned stimulus is a signal for the reinforcer by specifying that certain procedures cause a conditioned stimulus to lose effectiveness.
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A Theory of Attention: Variations in the Associability of Stimuli with Reinforcement
TL;DR: Overshadowing and blocking are better explained by the choice of an appropriate rule for changing a, such that a decreases to stimuli that signal no change from the probability of reinforcement predicted by other stimuli.