Murein segregation in Escherichia coli.
TLDR
Peptidoglycan (murein) segregation has been studied by means of a new labeling method and revealed that murein in polar caps is metabolically inert and is segregated in a conservative fashion.Abstract:
Peptidoglycan (murein) segregation has been studied by means of a new labeling method. The method relies on the ability of Escherichia coli cells to incorporate D-Cys into macromolecular murein. The incorporation depends on a periplasmic amino acid exchange reaction. At low concentrations, D-Cys is innocuous to the cell. The distribution of modified murein in purified sacculi can be traced and visualized by immunodetection of the -SH groups by fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques. Analysis of murein segregation in wild-type and cell division mutant strains revealed that murein in polar caps is metabolically inert and is segregated in a conservative fashion. Elongation of the sacculus apparently occurs by diffuse insertion of precursors over the cylindrical part of the cell surface. At the initiation of cell division, there is a FtsZ-dependent localized activation of murein synthesis at the potential division sites. Penicillin-binding protein 3 and the products of the division genes ftsA and ftsQ are dispensable for the activation of division sites. As a consequence, under restrictive conditions ftsA,ftsI,or ftsQ mutants generate filamentous sacculi with rings of all-new murein at the positions where septa would otherwise develop.read more
Citations
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Growth of the Stress-Bearing and Shape-Maintaining Murein Sacculus of Escherichia coli
TL;DR: A model is presented that postulates that maintenance of bacterial shape is achieved by the enzyme complex copying the preexisting murein sacculus that plays the role of a template.
Journal ArticleDOI
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology
TL;DR: This Review discusses how growth of the sacculus is sensitive to mechanical force and nutritional status, and describes the roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in generating cell shape and of D-amino acids in sacculus remodelling.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to spell out the physical, environmental, and biological forces that favor different bacterial morphologies and which, therefore, contribute to natural selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xanthomonas citri MinC Oscillates from Pole to Pole to Ensure Proper Cell Division and Shape
TL;DR: Investigation of the branching phenotype revealed that in branching cells nucleoid organization, divisome formation and peptidoglycan incorporation were disrupted, and Xac with minC deleted exhibited the classic Δmin phenotype observed in other bacteria deleted for min components.
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Control of Cell Morphogenesis in Bacteria: Two Distinct Ways to Make a Rod-Shaped Cell
Richard A. Daniel,Jeff Errington +1 more
TL;DR: A fluorescent derivative of the antibiotic vancomycin is used as a probe for nascent peptidoglycan synthesis in unfixed cells of various Gram-positive bacteria, providing insights into the diverse molecular strategies used by bacteria to control their cellular morphology, as well as suggesting ways in which these strategies may impact on growth rates and cell envelope structure.
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