Journal ArticleDOI
Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Composite Films as Affected by Nanofiller Loading and Plasticizer Content
Henriette M.C. Azeredo,Luiz H. C. Mattoso,Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos,Gino Ceotto Filho,M. L. Munford,Delilah F. Wood,Tara H. McHugh +6 more
TLDR
A nanocomposite film with 15% CNF and plasticized with 18% glycerol was comparable to some synthetic polymers in terms of strength and stiffness, but with poorer elongation andWater vapor barrier, indicating that they can be used for applications that do not require high flexibility and/or water vapor barrier.Abstract:
Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by N-deacetylation of chitin, produced from shellfish waste, which may be employed to elaborate edible films or coatings to enhance shelf life of food products. This study was con- ducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of nanofiller (cellulose nanofibers, CNF) and plasticizer (glycerol) on tensile properties (tensile strength—TS, elongation at break—EB, and Young's modulus—YM), water vapor permeability (WVP), and glass transition temperature (Tg) of chitosan edible films, and to establish a formu- lation to optimize their properties. The experiment was conducted according to a central composite design, with 2 variables: CNF (0 to 20 g/100 g) and glycerol (0 to 30 g/100 g) concentrations in the film (on a dry basis), which was produced by the so-called casting technique. Most responses (except by EB) were favored by high CNF concentra- tions and low glycerol contents. The optimization was based on maximizing TS, YM, and Tg, and decreasing WVP, while maintaining a minimum acceptable EB of 10%. The optimum conditions were defined as: glycerol concentra- tion, 18 g/100 g; and CNF concentration, 15 g/100 g. AFM imaging of films suggested good dispersion of the CNF and good CNF-matrix interactions, which explains the good performance of the nanocomposite films. Practical Application: Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer which may be used to elaborate edible films or coatings to enhance shelf life of foods. This study demonstrates how cellulose nanofibers (CNF) can improve the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of chitosan films. A nanocomposite film with 15% CNF and plasticized with 18% glycerol was comparable to some synthetic polymers in terms of strength and stiffness, but with poorer elongation and water vapor barrier, indicating that they can be used for applications that do not require high flexibility and/or watervaporbarrier.Themoreimportantadvantageofsuchfilmswhencomparedtosyntheticpolymerfilmsistheirread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors
TL;DR: Several applications of nanomaterials in food packaging and food safety are reviewed, including polymer/clay nanocomposites as high barrier packaging materials, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, and nanosensors and nanomMaterial-based assays for the detection of food-relevant analytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology and applications
TL;DR: This review provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on extraction procedures, especially from lignocellulosic biomass, and on technological developments and applications of NCC-based materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose nanocrystals and related nanocomposites: Review of some properties and challenges
TL;DR: A review of cellulose chemically extracted nanocrystals can be found in this article, where the authors provide an overview about several aspects that involve this material, including sources, properties, challenges, and perspectives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical and barrier properties of nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced chitosan based nanocomposite films.
Avik Khan,Ruhul A. Khan,Stephane Salmieri,Canh Le Tien,Bernard Riedl,Jean Bouchard,Gregory Chauve,Victor Tan,Musa R. Kamal,Monique Lacroix +9 more
TL;DR: It was found that the tensile strength (TS) of the nanocomposite films with 5% (w/w) NCC content was optimum with an improvement of 26% compared to the control chitosan films.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanocellulose in bio-based food packaging applications
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes findings and prospective applications of nanocellulose for bio-based materials to be used in food packaging (including active packaging), including nanofibribils or even nanocrystals.
References
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Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials
TL;DR: In this article, a review of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites is presented, where the polymer chains are sandwiched in between silicate layers and exfoliated layers are more or less uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Recent Research into Cellulosic Whiskers, Their Properties and Their Application in Nanocomposite Field
TL;DR: There are numerous examples where animals or plants synthesize extracellular high-performance skeletal biocomposites consisting of a matrix reinforced by fibrous biopolymers, which occur as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in a continuous fashion.
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An assessment of high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). An invited review
M.H. Loretto,R.E. Smallman +1 more
TL;DR: High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) has been extensively applied in the field of materials science as discussed by the authors, covering the study of heavy metals, ceramics and minerals, large-scale structures, dynamic processes and radiation damage.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comparison of various types of metals, chemical properties, and their application in low-dimensional carons and two-dimensional nanomaterials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages of nanotechnology application in order to improve the mechanical and oxidation stability, the barrier properties, and eventually the biodegradability of conventional polymeric matrices are discussed.