Journal ArticleDOI
Nanosized titanium dioxide particles do not induce DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Stephan Hackenberg,Gudrun Friehs,Michael Kessler,Katrin Froelich,Christian Ginzkey,Christian Koehler,Agmal Scherzed,Marc Burghartz,Norbert Kleinsasser +8 more
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TLDR
TiO2‐NPs reached the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus and did not induce cyto‐ or genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and there was no evidence of genotoxicity in the comet assay for any of the tested concentrations.Abstract:
Industrial application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) as an additive in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is increasing. However, the knowledge about the toxicity of this material is still incomplete and data concerning health and environmental safety and results of recent studies on TiO2 nanotoxicology are inconsistent. The in vitro geno- and cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs in the anatase crystal phase was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 male donors. Initially, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to describe particle morphology and size, the degree of particle aggregation, and the intracellular distribution. Cells were exposed to nanoparticles in increasing concentrations of 20, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml for 24 hr. Cytotoxic effects were analyzed by trypan blue exclusion test and the single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay was applied to detect DNA double-strand breakage. TiO2-NPs were sphere shaped with a diameter of 15–30 nm. Despite dispersive pretreatment, a strong tendency to form aggregates was observed. Particles were detected in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes, but also a transfer into the nucleus was seen. The trypan blue exclusion test did not show any decrease in lymphocyte viability, and there was no evidence of genotoxicity in the comet assay for any of the tested concentrations. In conclusion, TiO2-NPs reached the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus and did not induce cyto- or genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Complement investigations on different human cell systems will be performed to estimate the biocompatibility of TiO2-NPs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.read more
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Mechanisms of genotoxicity. A review of in vitro and in vivo studies with engineered nanoparticles.
TL;DR: The need for appropriate methodologies to be used for investigation of genotoxic effects of NPs, in vitro and in vivo is suggested and advantages and potential problems with different methods are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current sunscreen controversies: a critical review.
Mark E. Burnett,Steven Q. Wang +1 more
TL;DR: A review summarizes the relevant studies surrounding a number of controversies regarding the safety and efficacy of sunscreens and their applications.
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Photoprotection: part II. Sunscreen: development, efficacy, and controversies.
TL;DR: Sunscreen development, efficacy, testing, and controversies are reviewed in part II of this continuing medical education article as discussed by the authors, in addition to the naturally occurring, physical, and systemic photoprotective agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials: review of recent data and discussion of possible mechanisms
Nazanin Golbamaki,Bakhtiyor Rasulev,Bakhtiyor Rasulev,Antonio Cassano,Richard L. Marchese Robinson,Emilio Benfenati,Jerzy Leszczynski,Mark T. D. Cronin +7 more
TL;DR: This review concluded that in the majority of the publications analysed in this review, the metal oxide (or silica) nanoparticles of the same core chemical composition did not show different genotoxicity study calls in the same test, although some results are inconsistent and need to be confirmed by additional experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
TL;DR: Current data indicate that the genotoxicity of TiO(2)-NPs is mediated mainly through the generation of oxidative stress in cells, which may negatively impact human health and the environment.
References
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Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles
TL;DR: Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices.
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The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials
TL;DR: With the increased presence of nanomaterials in commercial products, a growing public debate is emerging on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its many benefits.
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In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver cells
TL;DR: The microscopic studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-exposed cells at higher doses became abnormal in size, displaying cellular shrinkage, and an acquisition of an irregular shape, which suggested that cytotoxicity of Ag (15, 100 nm) in liver cells is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress.
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Ultrafine Particles Cross Cellular Membranes by Nonphagocytic Mechanisms in Lungs and in Cultured Cells
Marianne Geiser,Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,Nadine Kapp,Samuel Schürch,Samuel Schürch,Wolfgang G. Kreyling,Holger Schulz,Manuela Semmler,Vinzenz Im Hof,Joachim Heyder,Peter Gehr +10 more
TL;DR: Inhaled ultrafine titanium dioxide particles were found on the luminal side of airways and alveoli, in all major lung tissue compartments and cells, and within capillaries, while particle uptake in vitro did not occur by any of the expected endocytic processes, but rather by diffusion or adhesive interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage and genetic instability in vivo in mice.
TL;DR: The results show that TiO(2) nanoparticles induced 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, gamma-H2AX foci, micronuclei, and DNA deletions, and inflammation was present as characterized by a moderate inflammatory response, and these findings raise concern about potential health hazards associated with TiO('s nanoparticles exposure.