Nanowire‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors

TLDR: In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of various fabrication, functionalization, and assembling procedures of these nanosensors are reviewed and discussed, and some of the challenges researchers face in the 1-D nanostructures research arena are highlighted.

Abstract: We review recent advances in biosensors based on one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructure field-effect transistors (FET). Specifically, we address the fabrication, functionalization, assembly/alignment and sensing applications of FET based on carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and conducting polymer nanowires. The advantages and disadvantages of various fabrication, functionalization, and assembling procedures of these nanosensors are reviewed and discussed. We evaluate how they have been used for detection of various biological molecules and how such devices have enabled the achievement of high sensitivity and selectivity with low detection limits. Finally, we conclude by highlighting some of the challenges researchers face in the 1-D nanostructures research arena and also predict the direction toward which future research in this area might be directed.