Negative specific heat in astronomy, physics and chemistry
TLDR
In this article, the authors review progress in the understanding of gravitational thermodynamics and pinpoint the error in the proof that all systems have positive specific heat and say when it can occur and discuss the development of the thermal runaway in both the gravothermal catastrophe and its inverse.Abstract:
Starting from Antonov's discovery that there is no maximum to the entropy of a gravitating system of point particles at fixed energy in a spherical box if the density contrast between centre and edge exceeds 709, we review progress in the understanding of gravitational thermodynamics. We pinpoint the error in the proof that all systems have positive specific heat and say when it can occur. We discuss the development of the thermal runaway in both the gravothermal catastrophe and its inverse. The energy range over which microcanonical ensembles have negative heat capacity is replaced by a first order phase transition in the corresponding canonical ensembles. We conjecture that all first order phase transitions may be viewed as caused by negative heat capacities of units within them. We find such units in the theory of ionization, chemical dissociation and in the Van der Waals gas so these concepts are applicable outside the realm of stars, star clusters and black holes.read more
Citations
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Black Hole Explosions
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that any black hole will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons at just the rate that one would expect if the black hole was a body with a temperature of (κ/2π) (ħ/2k) ≈ 10−6 (M/M)K where κ is the surface gravity of the body.
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An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure
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The large deviation approach to statistical mechanics
TL;DR: The theory of large deviations as mentioned in this paper is concerned with the exponential decay of probabilities of large fluctuations in random systems, and it provides exponential-order estimates of probabilities that refine and generalize Einstein's theory of fluctuations.
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The large deviation approach to statistical mechanics
TL;DR: The theory of large deviations as discussed by the authors is concerned with the exponential decay of probabilities of large fluctuations in random systems, and it provides exponential-order estimates of probabilities that refine and generalize Einstein's theory of fluctuations.
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Negative-Poisson's-Ratio Materials: Auxetic Solids
TL;DR: In this article, the role of Poisson's ratio in elasticity, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials, phase transformations, underlying causes in the microstructure, and other negative physical properties are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Black hole explosions
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that any black hole will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons at just the rate that one would expect if the black hole was a body with a temperature of (κ/2π) (ħ/2k) ≈ 10−6 (M/M)K where κ is the surface gravity of the body.
Black Hole Explosions
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that any black hole will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons at just the rate that one would expect if the black hole was a body with a temperature of (κ/2π) (ħ/2k) ≈ 10−6 (M/M)K where κ is the surface gravity of the body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized second law of thermodynamics in black-hole physics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established the validity of the generalized second law for the infall of an entropy-bearing system into a much larger and more massive generic stationary black hole and determined a general lower bound for the increase in black-hole entropy and an upper bound for entropy of the system.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure
TL;DR: Chandrasekhar et al. as mentioned in this paper used the internal constitution of the stars to give a classical account of his own researches and of the general state of the theory at that time.