Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2009"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the first-order and double resonance Raman scattering mechanisms in graphene, which give rise to the most prominent Raman features and give special emphasis to the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to distinguish a monolayer from few-layer graphene stacked in the Bernal configuration.

TL;DR: The theory of large deviations as mentioned in this paper is concerned with the exponential decay of probabilities of large fluctuations in random systems, and it provides exponential-order estimates of probabilities that refine and generalize Einstein's theory of fluctuations.

TL;DR: Magnusson expansion as discussed by the authors provides a power series expansion for the corresponding exponent and is sometimes referred to as Time-Dependent Exponential Perturbation Theory (TEPT).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the status of the theoretical prediction and in particular discuss the role of the hadronic vacuum polarization effects and hadronic light-by-light scattering correction, including a new evaluation of the dominant pion exchange contribution.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of the recent advances on the statistical mechanics and out-of-equilibrium dynamics of solvable systems with long-range interactions is presented, as exemplified by the exact solution, in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, of mean-field type models.

TL;DR: Chern-Simons modified gravity as discussed by the authors is an effective extension of general relativity that captures leading-order, gravitational parity violation, motivated by anomaly cancellation in particle physics and string theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main phenomenological traits of supercooled liquids are discussed and a few theoretical ideas on the subject are discussed in a very partial way, and the correlation length associated to the sharp increase of the relaxation time is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, an up-to-date review of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is presented, and the main improvements which have been achieved in the past two decades on the overall theoretical framework, summarize the impact of new experimental results on nuclear reaction rates, and critically re-examine the astrophysical determinations of light nuclei abundances.

TL;DR: The discovery of neutrino masses suggests the likely existence of gauge singlet fermions that participate in the neutrinos mass generation via the seesaw mechanism as discussed by the authors, which can play an important role in astrophysics and cosmology.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the optical nonlinearities of liquid crystals is presented, and a thorough review of a wide range of nonlinear optical processes and phenomena enabled by these unique properties.

TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical foundations and the most important physical applications of the Pinch Technique (PT) are reviewed, with special emphasis on the definition of gauge-independent off-shell form-factors, the construction of non-Abelian effective charges, the treatment of resonant transition amplitudes and unstable particles, and finally the dynamical generation of an effective gluon mass.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an introduction to recent lattice formulations of supersymmetric theories which are invariant under one or more real supersymmetries at nonzero lattice spacing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review results concerning the θ dependence of 4D S U (N ) gauge theories and QCD, where θ is the coefficient of the CP-violating topological term in the Lagrangian.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent progress in the phenomenological description of relativistic diffusion processes is presented, with a summary of open questions and a starting point for future investigations and extensions of the theory.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between black hole entropy and quantum entanglement of qubits and qutrits in quantum information theory has been discussed, and the relation between the three-tangle measure of three qubits (Alice, Bob and Charlie) and the 8-charge S T U black hole of N = 2 supergravity is discussed.

TL;DR: A review of the polyspherical approach to the kinetic operators for polyatomic molecules is given in this article, where general and correct forms of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) expressed in terms of curvilinear coordinates are provided.

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of various uncertainty principles from a topological point of view where the notion of symplectic capacity plays a key role is presented. But the analysis is restricted to density matrices.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the vortex solutions of various classical planar field theories with (Abelian) Chern-Simons term and showed that topological and non-topological self-dual vortices can be constructed in the phenomenological model proposed by Zhang-Hansson-Kivelson.

TL;DR: In this article, a heuristic derivation of the Lindblad master equation is presented, based on the requirement of translation-covariance and on the relation to the classical linear Boltzmann equation.

TL;DR: The recent development in the numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation and related systems of ordinary differential equations with oscillatory solutions, such as the N-body problem are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the observations that measure the lopsided distribution, as well as the theoretical progress made so far to understand its origin and properties.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of their fully relativistic approach to calculating atomic data for highly charged ions, highlighting a research effort that spans twenty years, and detailed discussions of both theoretical and numerical techniques are provided.

TL;DR: In this article, high-temperature fixed-point sources for photometry, radiometry, and thermometry were developed and thoroughly described, which are reproducible and repeatable to better than 100mK at temperatures up to nearly 3200k.

TL;DR: In this paper, a unified formalism for model-independent identities and inequalities which relate the various spin observables of collisions in nuclear and particle physics is presented, along with their physical interpretation and their implications for dynamical models.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review both the foundations and recent developments of the field in the cold and ultracold regime where trapping and cooling of Rydberg atoms have become possible.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an introduction to the basic methods of statistical physics useful in QCD, and summarizes the correspondence between these two fields and its theoretical and phenomenological implications.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that Jain's composite Fermion (CF) picture is valid only if the conditions necessary for Laughlin correlations are satisfied, and present a rigorous justification of the CF picture without the need of introducing an “irrelevant” mean-field energy scale.

TL;DR: In this article, linear polymers are represented as chains of hopping reptons and their motion is described as a stochastic process on a lattice, and the properties are analyzed using a calculational scheme based on an analogy with one-dimensional spin systems.