Never seem to find the time: evaluating the physiological time course of visual word recognition with regression analysis of single-item event-related potentials
Sarah Laszlo,Kara D. Federmeier +1 more
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TLDR
This article examined the time course of influence of variables ranging from relatively perceptual (e.g., bigram frequency) to relatively semantic on ERP responses, analysed at the single-item level.Abstract:
Visual word recognition is a process that, both hierarchically and in parallel, draws on different types of information ranging from perceptual to orthographic to semantic. A central question concerns when and how these different types of information come online and interact after a word form is initially perceived. Numerous studies addressing aspects of this question have been conducted with a variety of techniques [e.g., behaviour, eye-tracking, event-related potentials (ERPs)], and divergent theoretical models, suggesting different overall speeds of word processing, have coalesced around clusters of mostly method-specific results. Here, we examine the time course of influence of variables ranging from relatively perceptual (e.g., bigram frequency) to relatively semantic (e.g., the number of lexical associates) on ERP responses, analysed at the single-item level. Our results, in combination with a critical review of the literature, suggest methodological, analytic and theoretical factors that may have led to inconsistency in results of past studies; we will argue that consideration of these factors may lead to a reconciliation between divergent views of the speed of word recognition.read more
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The role of affective meaning, semantic associates, and orthographic neighbours in modulating the N400 in single words
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relation between these factors and N400 amplitudes during a lexical decision task using Swedish word stimuli and found that the amplitude of N400 decreased the more semantic associates a word had and the higher the rating for emotional arousal it had.
Peer Review
The N400 in silico: A review of computational models
TL;DR: Several computational models of the N400 have been proposed, including word-level and sentence-level models as discussed by the authors , focusing on lexical factors and simple primingmanipulations, as well as more recent sentence level models that explain its sensitivity to broader context.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerobic fitness relates to differential attentional but not language-related cognitive processes.
Madison C. Chandler,Amanda L. McGowan,Brennan R. Payne,Amanda Hampton Wray,Matthew B. Pontifex +4 more
TL;DR: Initial evidence is provided to suggest that fitness-related differences in reading achievement may result from attentional processes rather than acting upon specific language-related processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
An ERP megastudy of Chinese word recognition.
Yiu Kei Tsang,Yun Zou +1 more
TL;DR: The authors reported the first ERP (event-related potential) megastudy in traditional Chinese word recognition and found that both word and character variables influenced the amplitudes of ERP signals, which argued against the proposal that Chinese two-character words are recognized holistically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Context-based facilitation of semantic access follows both logarithmic and linear functions of stimulus probability
TL;DR: The authors measured the N400, an index of semantic access, to words of varying probability, including unpredictable words, and established that the relationship between word predictability and context-based facilitation combines linear and logarithmic functions.
References
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Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity
Marta Kutas,Steven A. Hillyard +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event related brain potential (ERP)
Marta Kutas,Kara D. Federmeier +1 more
TL;DR: The effectiveness of the N400 as a dependent variable for examining almost every aspect of language processing is emphasized and its expanding use to probe semantic memory is highlighted to determine how the neurocognitive system dynamically and flexibly uses bottom-up and top-down information to make sense of the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
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