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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Non-Adiabatic Crossing of Energy Levels

Clarence Zener
- 01 Sep 1932 - 
- Vol. 137, Iss: 833, pp 696-702
TLDR
In this paper, the crossing of a polar and homopolar state of a molecule with stationary nuclei has been studied, and the essential features may be illustrated in the crossing.
Abstract
The crossing of energy levels has been a matter of considerable discussion. The essential features may be illustrated in the crossing of a polar and homopolar state of a molecule. Let ψ1 ( x /R), ψ2 ( x /R) be two electronic eigenfunctions of a molecule with stationary nuclei. Let these eigenfunctions have the property that for R≫R, ψ1 has polar characteristics, ψ2 homopolar; while at R≪R, ψ2 has polar characteristics, ψ1 homopolar. In the region R=R these two eigenfunctions may be said to exchange their characteristics.

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