Nosocomial bacterial infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients in Ugandan intensive care units: a cross sectional study
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TLDR
There is a need for development of strong policies on antibiotic stewardship, antimicrobial surveillance and infection control to help guide empirical antibiotic therapy and prevent the spread of MDR bacteria and antibiotic drug resistance.Abstract:
The intensive care unit (ICU) admits critically ill patients requiring advanced airway, respiratory, cardiac and renal support. Despite the highly-specialized interventions, the mortality and morbidity is still high due to a number of reasons including nosocomial infections, which are the most likely complications in hospitalized patients with the rates being highest among ICU patients. In this cross-sectional study of 111 adult patients admitted to 2 of the ICUs in Uganda, we set out to describe the commonest bacterial infections, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and factors associated with development of a nosocomial infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Acinetobacter species (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. The prevalence of multidrug resistant bacterial species was 58%; 50% Escherichia coli and 33.3% Klebsiella pneumoniae were extended spectrum beta lactamase or AmpC beta lactamase producers and 9.1% Acinetobacter species were extensive drug resistant. Imipenem was the antibiotic with the highest susceptibility rates across most bacterial species. Institution of ventilator support (P 0.003) and severe traumatic brain injury (P 0.035) were highly associated with the development of nosocomial infections. Due to the high prevalence of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant bacterial species, there is a need for development of strong policies on antibiotic stewardship, antimicrobial surveillance and infection control to help guide empirical antibiotic therapy and prevent the spread of MDR bacteria and antibiotic drug resistance.read more
Citations
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Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America (特集 救急診療ガイドライン) -- (海外のガイドライン)
TL;DR: The Methodology used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators is summarized.
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Ehsan Sharifipour,Saeed Shams,Mohammad Esmkhani,Javad Khodadadi,Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani,Alireza Koohpaei,Zahra Doosti,Samad E J Golzari +7 more
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Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in blood-isolated Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium : a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Assessment of the current capacity of intensive care units in Uganda; A descriptive study.
Patience Atumanya,Cornelius Sendagire,Agnes Wabule,John Mukisa,Lameck Ssemogerere,Arthur Kwizera,Peter Kaahwa Agaba +6 more
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Prevalence of Common Nosocomial Infections and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Patients with Secondary Infections in Hamadan, Iran
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TL;DR: In this study, the frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria was higher than in some studies, and this indicates the genetic changes and resistance of this bacterium to many antibiotics.
References
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Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance
A-P Magiorakos,Arjun Srinivasan,R B Carey,Yehuda Carmeli,Matthew E. Falagas,Matthew E. Falagas,Christian G. Giske,Stéphan Juergen Harbarth,Janet F. Hindler,Gunnar Kahlmeter,Barbro Olsson-Liljequist,David L. Paterson,Louis B. Rice,John Stelling,Marc Struelens,Alkiviadis Vatopoulos,J T Weber,Dominique L Monnet +17 more
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TL;DR: The Methodology used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
International Study of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection in Intensive Care Units
Jean Louis Vincent,Jordi Rello,John C. Marshall,Eliezer Silva,Antonio Anzueto,Claude Martin,Rui Moreno,Jeffrey Lipman,Charles D. Gomersall,Yasser Sakr,Konrad Reinhart +10 more
TL;DR: In this large cohort, infection was independently associated with an increased risk of hospital death and risk of infection increases with duration of ICU stay.
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TL;DR: It is found that the establishment of intensive infection surveillance and control programs was strongly associated with reductions in rates of nosocomial urinary tract infection, surgical wound infection, pneumonia, and bacteremia between 1970 and 1975-1976, after controlling for other characteristics of the hospitals and their patients.
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Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Benedetta Allegranzi,Sepideh Bagheri Nejad,Christophe Combescure,Wilco Graafmans,Homa Attar,Liam Donaldson,Didier Pittet,Didier Pittet +7 more
TL;DR: The epidemiology of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries is assessed and a need to improve surveillance and infection-control practices is indicated.
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