Journal ArticleDOI
On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism.
TLDR
A theory to explain when people are likely to anthropomorphize and when they are not is described, focused on three psychological determinants--the accessibility and applicability of anthropocentric knowledge, the motivation to explain and understand the behavior of other agents, and the desire for social contact and affiliation.Abstract:
Anthropomorphism describes the tendency to imbue the real or imagined behavior of nonhuman agents with humanlike characteristics, motivations, intentions, or emotions. Although surprisingly common, anthropomorphism is not invariant. This article describes a theory to explain when people are likely to anthropomorphize and when they are not, focused on three psychological determinants--the accessibility and applicability of anthropocentric knowledge (elicited agent knowledge), the motivation to explain and understand the behavior of other agents (effectance motivation), and the desire for social contact and affiliation (sociality motivation). This theory predicts that people are more likely to anthropomorphize when anthropocentric knowledge is accessible and applicable, when motivated to be effective social agents, and when lacking a sense of social connection to other humans. These factors help to explain why anthropomorphism is so variable; organize diverse research; and offer testable predictions about dispositional, situational, developmental, and cultural influences on anthropomorphism. Discussion addresses extensions of this theory into the specific psychological processes underlying anthropomorphism, applications of this theory into robotics and human-computer interaction, and the insights offered by this theory into the inverse process of dehumanization.read more
Citations
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The Social Brain: Neural Basis of Social Knowledge
TL;DR: A broad survey of the key abilities, processes, and ways in which to relate these to data from cognitive neuroscience is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceived social isolation and cognition
TL;DR: Differences in attention and cognition impact on emotions, decisions, behaviors and interpersonal interactions that can contribute to the association between loneliness and cognitive decline and betweenoneliness and morbidity more generally.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction.
Peter A. Hancock,Deborah R. Billings,Kristin E. Schaefer,Jessie Y. C. Chen,Ewart J. de Visser,Raja Parasuraman +5 more
TL;DR: Factors related to the robot itself, specifically, its performance, had the greatest current association with trust, and environmental factors were moderately associated; there was little evidence for effects of human-related factors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Book
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Journal ArticleDOI
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
TL;DR: Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of self as independent and a construpal of the Self as interdependent as discussed by the authors, and these divergent construals should have specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation.