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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Optimal performance of a full scale li-ion battery and li-ion capacitor hybrid energy storage system for a plug-in hybrid vehicle

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TLDR
In this paper, a semi-active hybrid energy storage system consisting of a Li-ion battery pack, dc/dc converter, and Li ion capacitor pack is developed for a range extended plug-in vehicle application.
Abstract
A semi-active hybrid energy storage system, consisting of a Li-ion battery pack, dc/dc converter, and Li-ion capacitor pack is developed for a range extended plug-in vehicle application. The vehicle has a series-parallel drivetrain with two electric motors, a gas engine, gearbox, and a clutch to allow the engine to run decoupled from the gearbox in range extending mode. The peak dc electrical requirement of the electric drivetrain is about 175kW, which is similar to the peak power capability of the developed hybrid energy storage system. A model of the prototype hybrid energy storage system, which has the Li-ion capacitor pack connected directly to the motor drive's dc bus and the battery pack connected to the Li-ion capacitor pack via a dc/dc converter, is developed and used to determine the optimal power split between the battery and Li-ion capacitor packs. A dynamic programming algorithm is used to determine the optimal power split, with the optimization goals of reducing energy storage system loss, maximizing regenerative braking energy capture, and minimizing motoring power limiting. The hybridized system is shown to reduce battery pack losses and increase vehicle range compared to a system only utilizing the battery pack.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Deep reinforcement learning-based energy management of hybrid battery systems in electric vehicles

TL;DR: The proposed energy management strategy has demonstrated its superiority over the reinforcement learning-based methods in both computation time and energy loss reduction of the hybrid battery system, highlighting the use of such an approach in future energy management systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lithium titanate oxide battery cells for high-power automotive applications – Electro-thermal properties, aging behavior and cost considerations

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present different applications for high-power batteries in electrified vehicles and compare the requirements for suitable battery cells with different properties, including electrical and thermal characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cloud-based health-conscious energy management of hybrid battery systems in electric vehicles with deep reinforcement learning

TL;DR: A cloud-based multi-objective energy management strategy for the hybrid architecture with a deep deterministic policy gradient, which increases the electrical and thermal safety, and meanwhile minimizes the system’s energy loss and aging cost.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Generalized Systematic Approach Applied to Design a Novel Three-Port Power Converter

TL;DR: The proposed approach has been used to develop a novel three-port power converter and the simulation results will be presented and the topologies that evolve out of this process will be discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Real-Time Control of a Full Scale Li-ion Battery and Li-ion Capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

TL;DR: In this article, a semi-active hybrid energy storage system, consisting of a Li-ion battery pack, dc/dc converter, and Li ion capacitor pack was developed for a range extended plug-in vehicle.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

A generic dynamic programming Matlab function

TL;DR: This paper introduces a generic dynamic programming function for Matlab that solves discretetime optimal-control problems using Bellman's dynamic programming algorithm.
Journal ArticleDOI

Optimum sizing and optimum energy management of a hybrid energy storage system for lithium battery life improvement

TL;DR: In this article, a formulation is developed for sizing of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in different applications, where the sizing formulas are based on initial cost and 10-years battery replacement cost which is arranged as an optimization problem.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electric Vehicle Using a Combination of Ultracapacitors and ZEBRA Battery

TL;DR: The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate experimentally that the combination of ZEBRA batteries and ultracapacitors (UCAPs) can solve the lack of specific power, allowing an excellent performance in both acceleration and regenerative braking in an EV.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

A new battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

TL;DR: In this article, a battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for electric drive vehicles including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Optimal energy management of HEVs with hybrid storage system

TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal energy management strategy for a hybrid vehicle with a hybrid storage system (HSS), where two additional power sources are used, is presented and compared to a rule-based parameterized control strategy.
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