Out of Africa: a molecular perspective on the introduction of yellow fever virus into the Americas.
TLDR
A phylogenetic analysis of the largest YFV data set compiled to date shows how gene sequence data can be used to test hypotheses of viral dispersal and demographics, and document the role of human migration in the spread of infectious disease.Abstract:
Yellow fever virus (YFV) remains the cause of severe morbidity and mortality in South America and Africa. To determine the evolutionary history of this important reemerging pathogen, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the largest YFV data set compiled to date, representing the prM/E gene region from 133 viral isolates sampled from 22 countries over a period of 76 years. We estimate that the currently circulating strains of YFV arose in Africa within the last 1,500 years and emerged in the Americas following the slave trade approximately 300–400 years ago. These viruses then spread westwards across the continent and persist there to this day in the jungles of South America. We therefore illustrate how gene sequence data can be used to test hypotheses of viral dispersal and demographics, and document the role of human migration in the spread of infectious disease.read more
Citations
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Present and future arboviral threats.
TL;DR: Viruses such as dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers, and climate warming could facilitate the expansion of the distributions of many arboviruses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases
TL;DR: Challenges inherent in the control of vector-borne zoonotic diseases and some emerging non-traditional strategies that could be effective in the long term are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses
TL;DR: The basic biology of these viruses, their life cycles, the diseases they cause and available therapeutic options are reviewed, and the global distribution of flaviviruses is discussed, with a focus on lesser-known species that have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Evolution of Dengue Viruses: Contributions of Phylogenetics to Understanding the History and Epidemiology of the Preeminent Arboviral Disease
Scott C. Weaver,Nikos Vasilakis +1 more
TL;DR: How phylogenetics have improved understanding of DENV population dynamics and sizes at various stages of infection and transmission is examined, and how this information may influence pathogenesis and improve the ability to understand and predict DENV emergence is examined.
Book
The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses
TL;DR: The evolution and emergence of hantaviruses is more complex than previously anticipated, and may serve as a realistic model for other viral groups.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
TL;DR: The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo, and an executable is available at http://brahms.rochester.edu/software.html.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relaxed Phylogenetics and Dating with Confidence
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a new approach to perform relaxed phylogenetic analysis, which can be used to estimate phylogenies and divergence times in the face of uncertainty in evolutionary rates and calibration times.
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