Showing papers in "Antiviral Research in 2010"

TL;DR: Viruses such as dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers, and climate warming could facilitate the expansion of the distributions of many arboviruses.

TL;DR: Antiretroviral therapy has brought about a substantial decrease in the death rate due to HIV-1 infection, changing it from a rapidly lethal disease into a chronic manageable condition, compatible with very long survival.

TL;DR: This review covers the NNRTI class of anti-HIV-1 drugs, from the initial discovery of the class in 1990 to the current compounds in clinical development, i.e. around 20 years of research and development efforts.

TL;DR: This review provides an overview of the history of protease inhibitor therapy, its current status and future perspectives and develops novel PIs with high potency against the known PI-resistant HIV protease variants.

TL;DR: Basic principles of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of NRTIs are reviewed, their clinical use including limitations associated with long-term NRTI therapy is discussed, and newly identified N RTIs with promising pharmacological profiles highlighting those in the development pipeline are described.

TL;DR: Structural and functional aspects emerging from the characterization of two main components (NS3 and NS5 proteins) of the flavivirus replication complex are reviewed to shed light on the design and development of antiviral drug leads.

TL;DR: The principal milestones of antiretroviral research over 25 years of drug discovery and development are highlighted and a comprehensive analysis by leading experts of the efforts being made to meet the challenges of effective control of HIV infection is offered.

TL;DR: The strategies discussed in this report should be applicable to antiviral development of other viruses, including dengue virus and other flaviviruses.

TL;DR: The growing interest in marine-derived antiviral compounds, along with the development of new technology in marine cultures and extraction, will significantly expedite the current exploration of the marine environment for compounds with significant pharmacological applications.

TL;DR: A review of the entry inhibitors and their use in the management of HIV-1 infection forms part of a special issue of Antiviral Research marking the 25th anniversary of antiretroviral drug discovery and development.

TL;DR: The results suggest that up-regulation of miR-199a-3p and miG2 2.2.15 cells compared to HepG2 cells may play a role in regulating HBV replication and maintenance of a suitable level of virion production in persistent infection by targeting crucial HBV genes.

TL;DR: Appropriate diagnosis and monitoring of chronic viral hepatitis, including the use of non-invasive tools for assessing liver fibrosis and measurement of viral load, may allow to confront adequately Chronic viral hepatitis in HIV+ patients, preventing the development of end-stage liver disease, for which the only option available is liver transplantation.

TL;DR: An overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of resistance to currently used and promising investigational drugs is provided, emphasizing the structural role of drug resistance mutations.

TL;DR: One INSTI, raltegravir (RAL), was approved in late 2007 for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients with prior antiretroviral (ARV) treatment experience and was recently approved also for first line therapy.

TL;DR: The results suggest that isoquercetin may have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of influenza virus infection and for the suppression of resistance in combination therapy with existing drugs.

TL;DR: An overview of vaginal ring technologies is presented, followed by a review of recent advances and issues pertaining to their application for the delivery of HIV microbicides.

TL;DR: The increasing number of antiretroviral agents available means that individualizing treatment has become more feasible and the longer downstream adverse events related to HAART, such as its effect on cardiovascular disease and diabetes, renal and hepatic disease, have begun to dominate the authors' choice of drugs.

TL;DR: A number of steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle that represent promising targets for drug discovery are highlighted and progress to date in developing inhibitors against these novel targets is described.

TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in the microbicide gel, film, and tablet formulations and issues pertaining to scale-up, formulation, and evaluation challenges and regulatory guidelines have been presented.

TL;DR: A review examines the dynamics of persistent viremia, viral reservoirs, the mechanisms behind viral latency, and methods to purge the viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection.

TL;DR: In the absence of an approved and effective vaccine, microbicides have become the strategy of choice to provide women with the ability to prevent HIV transmission from their infected partners as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The data suggest that TACE antagonists block SARS-CoV infection and also attenuate its severe clinical outcome, and TNF-α production in lung tissues.

TL;DR: This review article summarises the current literature on the major worldwide source of HIV-1 acquisition, sexual transmission and makes accurate predictions on the potential spread ofAIDS infection in a population and to direct appropriate targeted prevention strategies.

TL;DR: Progress in understanding the structure and function of alphavirus replicative enzymes achieved under the VIZIER programme and the development of new disease control strategies are reviewed.

TL;DR: Future prospects point in the direction of individualization of antiretroviral therapy through insights from host genetics, according to a comprehensive review of the published literature.

TL;DR: The structural and enzymatic properties of the enzymes that carry out the activation of analogs used in therapy against human immunodeficiency virus and against DNA viruses such as hepatitis B, herpes and poxviruses are reviewed.

TL;DR: CSE showed antiviral activity as an entry inhibitor targeting E protein of dengue virus, indicating that a specific carbohydrate structure rather than polysulphation or addition of negative charges of the glycosaminoglycan molecule would be necessary for direct binding to DENV E protein.

TL;DR: Results validated that Hsp90 is an important host factor for the replication of filoviruses and suggest that HSp90 inhibitors may be therapeutically effective in treating EBOV infection.

TL;DR: Diammonium glycyrrhizin, a salt that is a major active component of licorice root extract with various pharmacological activities was investigated for its inhibitory effect on pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection and indicated that both drugs inhibited cell infection by PrV.

TL;DR: This review contains concise summaries of discussed topics that included the innate immune response, virus entry, theNS2 protease, the NS3 helicase, NS4B, and NS5A, and the understanding of the role of these novel anti- HCV targets increases so will the ability to discover new, more safe and effective anti-HCV therapies.