Journal ArticleDOI
Outcome in high-functioning adults with autism with and without early language delays: implications for the differentiation between autism and Asperger syndrome
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TLDR
A large number of adults with autism who had shown early delays in language were compared with individuals who were reported to have had no such delays, either in their use of words or phrases, and poor performance on language tests challenges the assumption that early language development in Asperger syndrome is essentially normal.Abstract:
The question of whether Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism should be considered as the same or different conditions has been a source of debate and controversy over recent years. In the present study, 34 adults with autism who had shown early delays in language were compared with 42 individuals who were reported to have had no such delays, either in their use of words or phrases. All participants were at least 18 years of age, had a nonverbal IQ of 70 or above and met ADI-R criteria for age of onset, communication and social impairments, and stereotyped behaviors. Those in the language delay group were diagnosed as having high-functioning autism. The remainder were designated as having Asperger syndrome. The groups were matched for age, nonverbal IQ and gender. No significant differences were found between the groups either in their total ADI-R algorithm scores, or in their algorithm scores on individual domains. Social outcome ratings and ADI-R scores based on current functioning also failed to differentiate between the groups. Scores on tests of language comprehension and expression were also similar, but in both groups language abilities were well below chronological age level. The implications of these results with respect to the differences between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism are discussed. The poor performance on language tests also challenges the assumption that early language development in Asperger syndrome is essentially normal.read more
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Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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The Amygdala Is Enlarged in Children But Not Adolescents with Autism; the Hippocampus Is Enlarged at All Ages
Cynthia M. Schumann,Julia Hamstra,Beth L. Goodlin-Jones,Linda Lotspeich,Hower Kwon,Michael H. Buonocore,Cathy R. Lammers,Allan L. Reiss,David G. Amaral +8 more
TL;DR: Findings in this cross-sectional study indicate an abnormal program of early amygdala development in autism and an abnormal pattern of hippocampal development that persists through adolescence.
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Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders.
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TL;DR: The clinical psychiatric presentation and important outcome measures of a large group of normal-intelligence adult patients with ASDs, characterized by impaired social interaction and non-verbal communication in adulthood as well as in childhood, are described.
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Introducing MASC: a movie for the assessment of social cognition.
Isabel Dziobek,Stefan Fleck,Elke Kalbe,Kimberley Rogers,Jason Hassenstab,Matthias Brand,Josef Kessler,Jan K. Woike,Oliver T. Wolf,Antonio Convit +9 more
TL;DR: A sensitive video-based test for the evaluation of subtle mindreading difficulties: the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), which identified the MASC as discriminating the diagnostic groups most accurately.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders
TL;DR: The revised interview has been reorganized, shortened, modified to be appropriate for children with mental ages from about 18 months into adulthood and linked to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account.
TL;DR: The clinical features, course, aetiology, epidemiology, differential diagnosis and management of Asperger's syndrome are described in this paper, and reasons for including the syndrome, together with early childhood autism, in a wider group of conditions which have, in common, impairment of development of social interaction, communication and imagination.