Journal ArticleDOI
Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus
TLDR
The body of scientific evidence regarding the mechanisms and effects of nociceptive activity in newborn infants has not been addressed directly and the pervasive view of neonatal pain is that newborns are frequently not given analgesic or anesthetic agents during invasive procedures, including surgery.Abstract:
THE evaluation of pain in the human fetus and neonate is difficult because pain is generally defined as a subjective phenomenon.1 Early studies of neurologic development concluded that neonatal responses to painful stimuli were decorticate in nature and that perception or localization of pain was not present.2 Furthermore, because neonates may not have memories of painful experiences, they were not thought capable of interpreting pain in a manner similar to that of adults.3 4 5 On a theoretical basis, it was also argued that a high threshold of painful stimuli may be adaptive in protecting infants from pain during birth.6 These traditional . . .read more
Citations
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Halothane–Morphine Compared with High-Dose Sufentanil for Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia in Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
TL;DR: In neonates undergoing cardiac surgery, the physiologic responses to stress are attenuated by deep anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with high doses of opioids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consensus Statement for the Prevention and Management of Pain in the Newborn
TL;DR: Evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain and its adverse consequences are developed and management of pain must be considered an important component of the health care provided to all neonates, regardless of their gestational age or severity of illness.
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Can adverse neonatal experiences alter brain development and subsequent behavior
TL;DR: It is proposed that lack of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity from maternal separation and sensory isolation leads to increased apoptosis in multiple areas of the immature brain, promoting two distinct behavioral phenotypes characterized by increased anxiety, altered pain sensitivity, stress disorders, hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder, and impaired social skills and patterns of self-destructive behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: a challenge for neuroscience and medicine.
TL;DR: It is suggested that brainstem mechanisms are integral to the constitution of the conscious state, and that an adequate account of neural mechanisms of conscious function cannot be confined to the thalamocortical complex alone.
References
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Book
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
TL;DR: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Introduction to the First Edition and Discussion Index, by Phillip Prodger and Paul Ekman.
Journal ArticleDOI
Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue
TL;DR: Tritiated naloxone, a powerful opiate antagonist, specifically binds to an opiate receptor of mammalian brain and guinea pig intestine that closely parallels their pharmacological potency.
Journal Article
Pain terms : a list with definitions and notes on usage. recommended by the IASP subcommittee on taxonomy
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of memory
TL;DR: An animal model of human amnesia in the monkey is developed, together with newly available neuropathological information from a well-studied human patient, which has permitted the identification of brain structures and connections involved in memory functions.