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Parental Employment and Child Cognitive Development
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This paper investigated the relationship between parental employment and child cognitive development using data from multiple years of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSS) and found that early employment may be particularly costly for children in traditional' two-parent families.Abstract:
This study investigates the relationship between parental employment and child cognitive development using data from multiple years of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Maternal labor supply during the first three years of the child's life is predicted to have a small negative effect on the verbal ability of 3 and 4 year olds and a substantial detrimental impact on the reading and math achievement of 5 and 6 year olds. Working during the second and third years appears to have less favorable or more deleterious consequences when the mother is also employed in the first year. The results are robust to the inclusion of controls for day care arrangements or paternal job-holding and there is some indication that early employment may be particularly costly for children in traditional' two-parent families. Finally, the data suggest that paternal and maternal employment have qualitatively similar effects, hinting at the importance of time investments by fathers. The overall conclusion is that previous research may have provided an overly optimistic assessment of the effects of parental employment on child cognitive development.read more
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References
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Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of social capital is introduced and illustrated, its forms are described, the social structural conditions under which it arises are examined, and it is used in an analys...
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Statistical abstract of the United States
TL;DR: The Red River of the North basin of the Philippines was considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase by the United States Department of Commerce in the 1939 Census Atlas of the United Philippines as discussed by the authors.
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The Determinants of Children's Attainments: A Review of Methods and Findings
Robert Haveman,Barbara Wolfe +1 more
TL;DR: The authors review and critique the empirical literature on the links between investments in children and children's attainments, including educational attainment, fertility choices, and work-related outcomes such as earnings and welfare recipiency.
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Breast-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of observed differences in cognitive development between breast-fed and formula-fed children indicated that, after adjustment for appropriate key cofactors, breast-feeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than was formula feeding.