Journal ArticleDOI
Parenting and adult mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in female twins: an epidemiological, multi-informant, retrospective study.
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TLDR
In women, parenting behaviour, especially levels of coldness, is probably causally related to risk for a broad range of adult psychiatric disorders, and the shared experience of these three dimensions of parenting predicts a quite small correlation in liability to these disorders in dizygotic twin pairs.Abstract:
Background. Although parenting has long been considered an important risk factor for subsequent psychopathology, most investigations of this question have studied a single informant, clinical populations, one or a few disorders and did not consider relevant covariates. Methods. Three dimensions of parenting (coldness, protectiveness and authoritarianism) were measured by combining the retrospective reports from adult female twins, their co-twins, and their mothers and fathers. We assessed by personal interview, lifetime history in the twins of eight common psychiatric and substance abuse disorders and a range of predictors of parenting. Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Results. Examined individually, high levels of coldness and authoritarianism were modestly but significantly associated with increased risk for nearly all disorders, while the impact of protectiveness was more variable. These associations declined modestly when putative predictors of parenting were added as covariates. Maternal and paternal parenting were equally associated with outcomes in adult daughters. When coldness, protectiveness and authoritarianism were examined together, nearly all significant associations were seen solely with coldness. Few significant interactions were found between maternal and paternal parenting or between coldness, protectiveness and authoritarianism. The shared experience of these three dimensions of parenting predicts a quite small correlation in liability to these disorders in dizygotic twin pairs (e.g. r < 0.04). Conclusion. In women, parenting behaviour, especially levels of coldness, is probably causally related to risk for a broad range of adult psychiatric disorders. The impact of parenting on substance use disorders may be largely mediated through their co-morbidity with major depression, phobias and generalized anxiety disorder. In general population samples, the association of poor parenting with psychiatric illness is modest, largely non-specific and explains little of the observed aggregation of these disorders in families.read more
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Parental bonding and character strengths among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
TL;DR: This article investigated the ways in which parental care and parental control affect adolescents' character strengths in the areas of authenticity, bravery, perseverance, kindness, love, social intelligence, fairness and self-regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The association between parent early adult drug use disorder and later observed parenting practices and child behavior problems: testing alternate models
Jennifer A. Bailey,Karl G. Hill,Katarina Guttmannova,Sabrina Oesterle,J. David Hawkins,Richard F. Catalano,Robert J. McMahon +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that problem drug use that occurs early in adulthood may affect later parenting skills, independent of subsequent parent drug use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood and adolescence risk factors and development of depressive symptoms: the 32-year prospective Young Finns follow-up study
Marko Elovainio,Laura Pulkki-Råback,Christian Hakulinen,Jane E. Ferrie,Markus Jokela,Mirka Hintsanen,Olli T. Raitakari,Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen +7 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that environment risks in childhood and adolescence, particularly in the socioeconomic and psychoemotional domains, are associated with a higher risk, but not an increased progression, of depressive symptoms in adulthood.
Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of a major childhood risk for depression: Comparison of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) 'Parental Care' and the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) 'Parental Neglect.'
TL;DR: The maternal care scale of the Parental Bonding Instrument compares reasonably well as an index of overall neglect in childhood to that provided by the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse.
Journal ArticleDOI
Should the diagnosis of major depression be made independent of or dependent upon the psychosocial context
TL;DR: Individuals who develop a full depressive syndrome in response to high-threat events do not have an appreciably lower liability to MD than those developing depression after exposure to low adversity and have much higher liability than observed in their population cohort.
References
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Ronald C. Kessler,Katherine A. McGonagle,Shanyang Zhao,Christopher B. Nelson,Michael R. Hughes,Suzann Eshleman,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Kenneth S. Kendler +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.