Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology
TLDR
Perinatal mental illness is a significant complication of pregnancy and the postpartum period and early detection and effective management of perinatal psychiatric disorders are critical for the welfare of women and their offspring.Abstract:
Perinatal mental illness is a significant complication of pregnancy and the postpartum period. These disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, and postpartum psychosis, which usually manifests as bipolar disorder. Perinatal depression and anxiety are common, with prevalence rates for major and minor depression up to almost 20% during pregnancy and the first 3 months postpartum. Postpartum blues are a common but lesser manifestation of postpartum affective disturbance. Perinatal psychiatric disorders impair a woman's function and are associated with suboptimal development of her offspring. Risk factors include past history of depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder, as well psychosocial factors, such as ongoing conflict with the partner, poor social support, and ongoing stressful life events. Early symptoms of depression, anxiety, and mania can be detected through screening in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Early detection and effective management of perinatal psychiatric disorders are critical for the welfare of women and their offspring.read more
Citations
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The associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms, body image, and weight in the first year postpartum: a rapid systematic review.
TL;DR: A rapid systematic review of the evidence of associations between postpartum depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, body image and weight status in the first 12 months post birth found four studies found a significant relationship.
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Maternal suicide - Register based study of all suicides occurring after delivery in Sweden 1974-2009.
Henrik Lysell,Marie Dahlin,Alexander Viktorin,Elsa Ljungberg,Brian M. D’Onofrio,Paul W. Dickman,Bo S. Runeson +6 more
TL;DR: A severe mental disorder after delivery and a history of self-harm was strongly associated with increased risk of suicide in the postpartum year and may inform the clinical assessment post partum.
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Chronic Medical Conditions and Peripartum Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that mental health resources should be integrated in medical settings where pregnant and postpartum women with CMCs are treated.
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What protects at-risk postpartum women from developing depressive and anxiety symptoms? The role of acceptance-focused processes and self-compassion.
TL;DR: Preventive interventions should consider the promotion of these processes to improve women's adjustment to this period, suggesting that at-risk women who are more accepting of their private events may be more protected from developing psychological symptoms.
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The maternal 'baby brain' revisited.
Cindy K. Barha,Liisa A.M. Galea +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that pregnancy-induced reductions in gray matter volume remain 2 years after childbirth in humans, and may extend into older age.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
John Cox,Jeni Holden,R. Sagovsky +2 more
TL;DR: The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specficity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis
Michael W. O'Hara,Annette Swain +1 more
TL;DR: The average prevalence rate of non-psychotic postpartum depression based on the results of a large number of studies is 13% as discussed by the authors, and the average prevalence estimates are affected by the nature of the assessment method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence.
Norma I. Gavin,Bradley N. Gaynes,Kathleen N. Lohr,Samantha Meltzer-Brody,Gerald Gartlehner,T Swinson +5 more
TL;DR: To better delineate periods of peak prevalence and incidence for perinatal depression and identify high risk subpopulations, studies with larger and more representative samples are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kathleen R. Merikangas,Hagop S. Akiskal,Jules Angst,Paul E. Greenberg,Robert M. A. Hirschfeld,Maria Petukhova,Ronald C. Kessler +6 more
TL;DR: This study presents the first prevalence estimates of the BPD spectrum in a probability sample of the United States, and finds subthreshold BPD is common, clinically significant, and underdetected in treatment settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predictors of postpartum depression: an update.
TL;DR: Results confirmed findings of an earlier meta-analysis and in addition revealed four new predictors of postpartum depression: self-esteem, marital status, socioeconomic status, and unplanned/unwanted pregnancy.
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