Journal ArticleDOI
Pressure Waves Due to Arcing Faults in a Substation
Michel G. Drouet,Francois Nadeau +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the amplitude of the pressure wave generated by an AC arc with current from 10 A to 80 kA and with arc length from 8 mm to 15 m, burning in air for up to one second.Abstract:
The collapse of the building housing a large substation following an arcing fault motivated the measurements of the amplitude of the pressure wave generated by an AC arc with current from 10 A to 80 kA and with arc length from 8 mm to 15 m, burning in air for up to one second. At low arc power there is a correspondance between the pressure amplitude and the rate of change of the power which is not true for high arc power due to absorption. However, the pressure is very large and should be taken into account in the design of substations. An empirical formula is given relating the pressure variation amplitude to the short-circuit current and the response time of the protection system.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pressures Developed by Arcs
TL;DR: In this article, a relationship between arc current and pressure for an applicable range of distance is developed and a table for familiarization with some units of the International System of Units (SI) used for pressure is included.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Staged tests increase awareness of arc-flash hazards in electrical equipment
R.A. Jones,D.P. Liggett,M. Capelli-Schellpfeffer,T. Macalady,L.F. Saunders,R.E. Downey,L.B. McClung,A. Smith,S. Jamil,V.J. Saporita +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present experimental results of staged tests simulating the participation of workers in the test scene. Observations regarding the intensities of electrical arc flash events, variances between predicted and observed measurements and implications for safety management are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acoustics and gas discharges: applications to loudspeakers
TL;DR: The main purpose of as mentioned in this paper is to expound results related to the production of ordinary sound waves by electrical discharges, especially glow, arc, and true corona, and classified according to the relative importance of different acoustic source terms, namely the heat and force terms.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Arc Welding Robot Control for a Shaped Metal Deposition Plant: Modular Software Interface and Sensors
TL;DR: The system developed has been used to study the whole process and to develop and tune the parameters of an automatic controller for the arc process of deposition and a useful software interface has been implemented in a Labview environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acoustic measurement of the arc voltage applicable to arc welding and arc furnaces
M G Drouet,F Nadeau +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new technique is proposed for determining the time evolution of the voltage in the column of an electric arc, based on measurement of the sound wave produced by the arc, which is shown to depend on the rate of change of the electrical power fed to the arc column.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical Simulation of Spark Discharges in Air
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model is presented which describes the evolution with time of a short segment of a spark channel in air and its associated acoustic wave, assuming a straight, cylindrical conducting column in which local thermodynamic equilibrium exists at every point.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some Experimental Results on Acoustic Wave Propagation in a Plasma
M. Fitaire,T. D. Mantei +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the source term for the generation of sound in the neutral gas is proportional to the time derivative of the power input to the electrons from an externally applied electric field, and that at low frequencies the electronic and neutral fluid components move together approximately in phase when an acoustic wave propagates through the plasma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shock Wave from a Four-Meter Spark
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the shock wave emitted by a 4m spark of energy 2×104 J at distances from spark midgap of between 0.34 and 16.5 m. The discrepancies between the experimental data and cylindrical shockwave theory are partially explained by consideration of the spark channel tortuosity.
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Acoustic measurement of the arc voltage applicable to arc welding and arc furnaces
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