Prevalence and risk factors of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans in a rural community in Brazil.

TLDR: HrCLM is a common parasitic skin disease in children, is associated with behavioural and environmental risk factors, and shows marked seasonality in its prevalence in an endemic area of north–eastern Brazil.

Abstract: The epidemiology of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) in endemic communities is not well understood. To describe the prevalence of HrCLM and to identify environmental and behavioural risk factors for the infestation, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in a small village in an endemic area of north–eastern Brazil — one in the rainy season and the other in the dry season. The members of each household were examined clinically for the presence of HrCLM, and information on possible risk factors was collected. HrCLM, which was diagnosed in 45 individuals in the rainy-season survey and in 17 in the dry-season survey, was significantly more prevalent in the rainy season (4.4% v. 1.7%; P<0.001). The age-specific prevalences peaked, at 14.9%, in infants and children aged ≤ 4 years.In a logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors for current infestation or infestation in the preceding 6 months were identified as young age (odds ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0....