Journal ArticleDOI
Principles of design of fluid transport systems in zoology
TLDR
By exploiting the signal inherent in local shear stress on the vessel walls, animals have repeatedly evolved a complex branching hierarchy of vessels approximating a globally optimal system that minimizes the costs of the construction and maintenance of the fluid transport system.Abstract:
Fluid transport systems mediate the transfer of materials both within an organism and between an organism and its environment. The architecture of fluid transport systems is determined by the small distances over which transfer processes are effective and by hydrodynamic and energetic constraints. All fluid transport systems within organisms exhibit one of two geometries, a simple tube interrupted by a planar transfer region or a branched network of vessels linking widely distributed transfer regions; each is determined by different morphogenetic processes. By exploiting the signal inherent in local shear stress on the vessel walls, animals have repeatedly evolved a complex branching hierarchy of vessels approximating a globally optimal system that minimizes the costs of the construction and maintenance of the fluid transport system.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
TL;DR: The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Cardiac Computed Tomography for Noninvasive Quantification of Fractional Flow Reserve: Scientific Basis
TL;DR: FFR derived from CTA was demonstrated as superior to measures of CTA stenosis severity for determination of lesion-specific ischemia, and a review on the scientific principles that underlie this technology is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Benthic suspension feeders: their paramount role in littoral marine food webs.
Josep Maria Gili,Rafel Coma +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that benthic suspension feeders can self-organize to enhance food capture and thus establish boundary systems capable of successfully exploiting a less structured system, namely, the plankton.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodeling in response to fluid shear stress
Adel M. Malek,S. Izumo +1 more
TL;DR: FSS has a profound effect on endothelial shape and F-actin network by a mechanism which depends on TK activity, intracellular calcium, and an intact microtubule network, but is independent of protein kinase C, intermediate filaments and shear- and stretch-activated mechanosensitive channels.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolutionary origins of modularity
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the ubiquitous, direct selection pressure to reduce the cost of connections between network nodes causes the emergence of modular networks, which is a key driver of evolvability of biological networks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Reductions in arterial diameter produced by chronic decreases in blood flow are endothelium-dependent
BL Langille,F O'Donnell +1 more
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Haemodynamic shear stress activates a K + current in vascular endothelial cells
TL;DR: Recordings of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of single arterial endothelial cells exposed to controlled levels of laminar shear stress in capillary flow tubes suggest that localized flow-activated hyperpolarization of endothelium involving I K.s may participate in the regulation of vascular tone.
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Endothelium and control of vascular function. State of the Art lecture.
TL;DR: The response of isolated blood vessels to a variety of vasoactive agonists is modulated by the presence of endothelial cells, and endothelium-derived relaxing factors may contribute to the regulation of the release of atrial natriuretic factor and renin.
Journal ArticleDOI
The physiological principle of minimum work applied to the angle of branching of arteries
TL;DR: At constant flow, f (that is, for any given steady state), and at constant length of arterial section, l, the total energy, E, is a minimum when: