Journal ArticleDOI
Punctuated equilibrium and criticality in a simple model of evolution.
Per Bak,Kim Sneppen +1 more
TLDR
A simple and robust model of biological evolution of an ecology of interacting species that self-organizes into a critical steady state with intermittent coevolutionary avalanches of all sizes and exhibits ``punctuated equilibrium'' behavior.Abstract:
A simple and robust model of biological evolution of an ecology of interacting species is introduced The model self-organizes into a critical steady state with intermittent coevolutionary avalanches of all sizes; ie, it exhibits ``punctuated equilibrium'' behavior This collaborative evolution is much faster than non-cooperative scenarios since no large and coordinated, and hence prohibitively unlikely, mutations are involvedread more
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Complex networks: Structure and dynamics
TL;DR: The major concepts and results recently achieved in the study of the structure and dynamics of complex networks are reviewed, and the relevant applications of these ideas in many different disciplines are summarized, ranging from nonlinear science to biology, from statistical mechanics to medicine and engineering.
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Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law
TL;DR: Some of the empirical evidence for the existence of power-law forms and the theories proposed to explain them are reviewed.
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The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics
TL;DR: It is shown that the bursty nature of human behaviour is a consequence of a decision-based queuing process: when individuals execute tasks based on some perceived priority, the timing of the tasks will be heavy tailed, with most tasks being rapidly executed, whereas a few experience very long waiting times.
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Non-equilibrium critical phenomena and phase transitions into absorbing states
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in non-equilibrium statistical physics is presented, focusing on phase transitions from fluctuating phases into absorbing states, the universality class of directed percolation is investigated in detail.
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Self-organized criticality
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced the concept of self-organized criticality to explain the behavior of the sandpile model, where particles are randomly dropped onto a square grid of boxes and when a box accumulates four particles they are redistributed to the four adjacent boxes or lost off the edge of the grid.