Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches
TLDR
An overview of how mixed-effect models can be used to partition variation in, and correlations among, phenotypic attributes into between- and within-individual variance components is provided.Abstract:
Growing interest in proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of between- and within-individual variation in labile components of the phenotype - such as behaviour or physiology - characterizes current research in evolutionary ecology. The study of individual variation requires tools for quantification and decomposition of phenotypic variation into between- and within-individual components. This is essential as variance components differ in their ecological and evolutionary implications. We provide an overview of how mixed-effect models can be used to partition variation in, and correlations among, phenotypic attributes into between- and within-individual variance components. Optimal sampling schemes to accurately estimate (with sufficient power) a wide range of repeatabilities and key (co)variance components, such as between- and within-individual correlations, are detailed. Mixed-effect models enable the usage of unambiguous terminology for patterns of biological variation that currently lack a formal statistical definition (e.g. 'animal personality' or 'behavioural syndromes'), and facilitate cross-fertilisation between disciplines such as behavioural ecology, ecological physiology and quantitative genetics.read more
Citations
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Testing for between individual correlations of personality and physiological traits in a wild bird
TL;DR: It is concluded that there is no common syndrome of individual level covariance between personality and physiological traits in wild blue tits or that the effect sizes are too low (r’< 0.3) to detect.
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Personality-related survival and sampling bias in wild cricket nymphs
TL;DR: Estimates of repeatability and syndrome structure for behaviors that an insect (field cricket; Gryllus campestris) expresses in the wild are reported to demonstrate that personality variation exists in wild insects and that it is associated with components of fitness.
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Within-Individual Correlations Reveal Link Between a Behavioral Syndrome, Condition, and Cortisol in Free-Ranging Belding's Ground Squirrels
TL;DR: Although behavior is state-dependent, which may play a role in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, feedback mechanisms between condition and behavior appear not to produce consistent individual differences in behavior and correlations between them.
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Unifying spatial and social network analysis in disease ecology.
TL;DR: It is hoped disease researchers will expand social network analyses to more often include spatial components and questions, allowing more accurate model estimates, better inference of transmission modes, susceptibility effects and contact scaling patterns, and ultimately more effective disease interventions.
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Temporally fluctuating selection on a personality trait in a wild rodent population
Christie Le Cœur,Christie Le Cœur,Martin Thibault,Martin Thibault,Benoît Pisanu,Sophie Thibault,Jean-Louis Chapuis,Emmanuelle Baudry +7 more
TL;DR: This 6-year study investigated the relationship between individual personality differences and 1 component of fitness, annual reproductive success (ARS), in a population of Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus that experiences considerable annual variations in food availability and found that bolder chipmunks had higher ARS in years with low food availability, whereas lower ARSIn years with high food availability.
References
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TL;DR: The use (and misuse) of GLMMs in ecology and evolution are reviewed, estimation and inference are discussed, and 'best-practice' data analysis procedures for scientists facing this challenge are summarized.