Removal of nutrient limitations by long-term fertilization decreases nocturnal water loss in savanna trees.
Fabian Gustavo Scholz,Sandra Janet Bucci,Guillermo Goldstein,Frederick C. Meinzer,Augusto C. Franco,Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm +5 more
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Assessment of the effect of increased nutrient supply on nocturnal transpiration in three dominant Cerrado tree species concluded that enhancing nutrient uptake by allowing additional transpiration to occur at night when evaporative demand is lower may avoid excessive dehydration associated with increased stomatal opening during the day when evaporatives demand is high.Abstract:
Under certain environmental conditions, nocturnal transpiration can be relatively high in temperate and tropical woody species. We have previously shown that nocturnal sap flow accounts for up to 28% of total daily transpiration in woody species growing in a nutrient-poor Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem. In the present study, we assessed the effect of increased nutrient supply on nocturnal transpiration in three dominant Cerrado tree species to explore the hypothesis that, in nutrient-poor systems, continued transpiration at night may enhance delivery of nutrients to root-absorbing surfaces. We compared nocturnal transpiration of trees growing in unfertilized plots and plots to which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) had been added twice yearly from 1998 to 2005. Three independent indicators of nocturnal transpiration were evaluated: sap flow in terminal branches, stomatal conductance (g(s)), and disequilibrium in water potential between covered and exposed leaves (DeltaPsi(L)). In the unfertilized trees, about 25% of the total daily sap flow occurred at night. Nocturnal sap flow was consistently lower in the N- and P-fertilized trees, significantly so in trees in the N treatment. Similarly, nocturnal g(s) was consistently lower in fertilized trees than in unfertilized trees where it sometimes reached values of 150 mmol m(-2) s(-1) by the end of the dark period. Predawn gs and the percentage of nocturnal sap flow were linearly related. Nocturnal DeltaPsi(L) was significantly greater in the unfertilized trees than in N- and P-fertilized trees. The absolute magnitude of DeltaPsi(L) increased linearly with the percentage of nocturnal sap flow. These results are consistent with the idea that enhancing nutrient uptake by allowing additional transpiration to occur at night when evaporative demand is lower may avoid excessive dehydration associated with increased stomatal opening during the day when evaporative demand is high.read more
Citations
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Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis.
Roland Bobbink,Kevin Hicks,James N. Galloway,Till Spranger,Rob Alkemade,Mike Ashmore,Mercedes M. C. Bustamante,Steve Cinderby,Eric A. Davidson,Frank Dentener,Bridget A. Emmett,Jan Willem Erisman,Mark E. Fenn,Frank S. Gilliam,Annika Nordin,Linda H. Pardo,W. de Vries +16 more
TL;DR: Ecosystems thought of as not N limited, such as tropical and subtropical systems, may be more vulnerable in the regeneration phase, in situations where heterogeneity in N availability is reduced by atmospheric N deposition, on sandy soils, or in montane areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nighttime Stomatal Conductance and Transpiration in C3 and C4 Plants
TL;DR: Incomplete stomatal closure during the night is observed in a diverse range of C3 and C4 species and can lead to substantial nighttime transpirational water loss, which is an inevitable consequence ofStomatal opening for photosynthetic carbon gain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nighttime transpiration in woody plants from contrasting ecosystems.
Todd E. Dawson,Stephen Burgess,Kevin P. Tu,Rafael S. Oliveira,Louis S. Santiago,Joshua B. Fisher,Kevin A. Simonin,Anthony R. Ambrose +7 more
TL;DR: The data support four plausible explanations for the occurrence of nighttime transpiration, E(n) or g(n), which likely varies with species and ecosystem type; however, it may facilitate carbon fixation earlier in the day because stomata are already open.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of nutritional regulation of plant water flux
TL;DR: The link between nutrient mass flow and transpiration, nutrient availability, particularly that of NO3−, partially regulates plant water flux and the consequent trade-off between water and nutrient flux has important implications for understanding plant distributions, for production of water use-efficient crops and for understanding the consequences of global-change-linked CO2 suppression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biophysical properties and functional significance of stem water storage tissues in Neotropical savanna trees.
Fabian Gustavo Scholz,Sandra Janet Bucci,Sandra Janet Bucci,Guillermo Goldstein,Guillermo Goldstein,Frederick C. Meinzer,Augusto C. Franco,Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm +7 more
TL;DR: Stem capacitance contributes to homeostasis in the diurnal and seasonal water balance of Cerrado trees, and overnight recharge of water storage compartments was incomplete in species with greater capacitance.
References
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TL;DR: A review of laboratory and field evidence supporting hydraulic lift can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss some of the consequences of this below-ground behavior for the ecology of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Characteristics of the vascular and photosynthetic functions of the leaf are examined to determine which responds most similarly to stomata during desiccation and indicate that stomatal closure is primarily coordinated with Kleaf.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Stephen Burgess,Mark A. Adams,Neil C. Turner,Craig R. Beverly,C. K. Ong,Ahmed A. H. Khan,Timothy M. Bleby +6 more
TL;DR: An improved heat pulse method, termed the heat ratio method (HRM), is presented, to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants, which has several important advantages over the CHPM, including improved measurement range and resolution.
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