Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia as a Long-Term Outcome of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Perinatal Complications: A 28-Year Follow-Up of the 1966 North Finland General Population Birth Cohort
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TLDR
The spectrum of adverse outcomes after fetal and perinatal insults unfolded beyond childhood and included adult-onset schizophrenia, having implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia and, possibly, for its prevention.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort was studied to determine whether abnormalities during pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period are associated with adult-onset schizophrenia. METHOD: The authors included all 11,017 subjects alive in Finland at age 16. For each individual, standardized assessments made during pregnancy, delivery, and infancy were linked to national psychiatric case registers covering the period up to age 28. Subjects with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were identified by using a two-stage screen that included perusal of individual case records. Associations (adjusted odds ratios) between schizophrenia and specific pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal characteristics were calculated. RESULTS: Within this cohort, 76 cases of DSM-III-R schizophrenia arose by age 28 years; 51 (67.1%) of these persons were men. Demographic characteristics and previous obstetric histories of the mothers were similar in the case and unaffected comparison groups, although the former were...read more
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Infant intersubjectivity: research, theory, and clinical applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the emergence and development of active "self-and-other" awareness in infancy is examined and the importance of its motives and emotions to mental health practice with children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Neurodevelopment
David A. Lewis,Pat Levitt +1 more
TL;DR: These findings suggest that combinatorial genetic and environmental factors, which disturb a normal developmental course early in life, result in molecular and histogenic responses that cumulatively lead to different developmental trajectories and the clinical phenotype recognized as schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obstetric Complications and Schizophrenia: Historical and Meta-Analytic Review
TL;DR: Current methods of investigating the relationship between obstetric complications and schizophrenia are reaching the limit of their usefulness, and a combination of disciplines and approaches will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these small but important associations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alterations induced by gestational stress in brain morphology and behaviour of the offspring.
TL;DR: Prenatally-stressed rats show a reduced propensity for social interaction, increased anxiety in intimidating or novel situations and a reduction in cerebral asymmetry and dopamine turnover, consistent with those in schizophrenic humans, which may explain the precipitation of depressive symptoms or schizophrenia by psychosocial stress in later life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glucocorticoids, prenatal stress and the programming of disease.
TL;DR: Intriguingly, the effects of a challenged pregnancy appear to be transmitted possibly to one or two subsequent generations, suggesting that these epigenetic effects persist.
References
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A Polydiagnostic Application of Operational Criteria in Studies of Psychotic Illness: Development and Reliability of the OPCRIT System
TL;DR: An operational criteria checklist for psychotic illness and computer programs designed to be used in conjunction with it constitute the OPCRIT system, which provides a simple and reliable method of applying multiple operational diagnostic criteria in studies of psychotic illness.
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Child developmental risk-factors for adult schizophrenia in the british 1946 birth cohort
TL;DR: Differences between children destined to develop schizophrenia as adults and the general population were found across a range of developmental domains, and the origins of schizophrenia may be found in early life.
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Antecedents of cerebral palsy. Multivariate analysis of risk.
TL;DR: Prenatal and perinatal factors predicting cerebral palsy were examined using multivariate analysis to investigate which factors were most important and the proportion of cases for which they accounted, and maternal mental retardation, birth weight below 2001 g, and fetal malformation were among the leading predictors.
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Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight.
TL;DR: Intrauterine exposure to maternal infection was associated with a marked increase in risk of CP in infants of normal birth weight and was linked with low Apgar scores, other evidence of hypotension [corrected] and need for resuscitation, and neonatal seizures-signs commonly attributed to birth asphyxia.