Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Defining the Efficacy of Sperm Preparation Techniques
R. John Aitken,Jane S. Clarkson +1 more
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TLDR
Assessment of the ability of the antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene, and vitamin E, to curtail the peroxidative damage inflicted by cells in response to centrifugation revealed a significant improvement of sperm function in the presence of vitamin E.Abstract:
The mechanisms responsible for mediating the influence of sperm preparation protocols on human sperm function have been investigated. Techniques that involved the separation of motile spermatozoa prior to centrifugation were found to yield sperm suspensions of highest quality. If the spermatozoa were centrifuged prior to isolation of the motile cells, sperm function was impaired. The detrimental effects of centrifugation were associated with a sudden burst of reactive oxygen species production by a discrete subpopulation of cells (characterized by significantly diminished motility and fertilizing capacity) that could be separated from normal functional spermatozoa on Percoll gradients. If unfractionated sperm suspensions were subjected to centrifugation, the reactive oxygen species generated by this subpopulation impaired the functional competence of normal spermatozoa in the same suspension. Assessment of the ability of the antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene, and vitamin E, to curtail the peroxidative damage inflicted by such cells in response to centrifugation revealed a significant improvement of sperm function in the presence of vitamin E.read more
Citations
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Hydrogen peroxide levels in mouse oocytes and early cleavage stage embryos developed in vitro or in vivo.
TL;DR: Embryos that are able to develop successfully in vitro, as well as those that show a developmental block at the 2-cell stage on culture in vitro are shown to show this rise in H2O2 levels after in vitro culture.
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Analysis of the relationships between oxidative stress, DNA damage and sperm vitality in a patient population: development of diagnostic criteria
R. John Aitken,R. John Aitken,Geoffry N. De Iuliis,Jane M. Finnie,Andrew Hedges,Robert I McLachlan,Robert I McLachlan +6 more
TL;DR: The development of novel methods and optimized thresholds for diagnosing oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa should assist in the clinical management of this pathology.
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Development of an image analysis system to monitor the retention of residual cytoplasm by human spermatozoa : Correlation with biochemical markers of the cytoplasmic space, oxidative stress, and sperm function
TL;DR: One of the factors involved in the etiology of defective sperm function is the incomplete extrusion of germ cell cytoplasm during spermiogenesis as a consequence of which the spermatozoa experience a loss of function associated with the induction of oxidative stress.
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DNA Damage in Human Spermatozoa Is Highly Correlated with the Efficiency of Chromatin Remodeling and the Formation of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine, a Marker of Oxidative Stress
Geoffry N. De Iuliis,Laura K. Thomson,Lisa A. Mitchell,Jane M. Finnie,Adam J. Koppers,Andrew Hedges,Brett Nixon,R. John Aitken +7 more
TL;DR: The results of this study clearly highlight the importance of oxidative stress in the induction of sperm DNA damage and carry significant implications for the clinical management of this condition.
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Role of oxidants in male infertility: rationale, significance, and treatment
Ashok Agarwal,Ramadan A Saleh +1 more
TL;DR: Therapeutic interventions directed toward the isolation of mature spermatozoa by in vitro separation techniques may benefit infertile men in whom oxidative stress has a significant role, but this approach may be limited by the fact that the prolonged centrifugation involved in these procedures may enhance ROS production by spermatoza.
References
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Cellular basis of defective sperm function and its association with the genesis of reactive oxygen species by human spermatozoa.
TL;DR: Studies with scavengers of reactive oxygen species revealed that, while reagents directed against singlet oxygen and the hydroxyl radical were without effect, cytochrome C reduced the response to A23187 by about 50%, suggesting that the superoxide anion radical is a major product of the activated human spermatozoon.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that superoxide dismutase plays the major role in protecting human spermatozoa against lipid peroxidation, and the superoxide Dismutase activity of a fresh sperm sample appears to be a good predictor of the lifetime (up to the complete loss of motility) of that particular sample, and so may prove useful in semen analysis.
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The Use of Zona-Free Animal Ova as a Test-System for the Assessment of the Fertilizing Capacity of Human Spermatozoa
TL;DR: The results suggest that zona-free hamster ova can be substituted for human ova in the preliminary assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa.
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Peroxidative Breakdown of Phospholipids in Human Spermatozoa, Spermicidal Properties of Fatty Acid Peroxides, and Protective Action of Seminal Plasma
TL;DR: The antiperoxidant factor present in human seminal plasma effectively counteracts the toxic effect of exogenous peroxidized fatty acids upon human spermatozoa, but is unable to restore motility lost by lipid peroxide action.