Smectite Clays as Adsorbents of Aflatoxin B1: Initial Steps
TLDR
In this article, 39 samples were analyzed and classified into four groups based on their properties: coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, microbial content and x-ray diffraction (XRD) spacings.Abstract:
Smectite clay has been shown to sorb aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in animal feed 2) and thereby reduce its toxic influence on animals and its entrance to the human food chain. In an effort to find effective adsorbents, 39 samples proposed to adsorb aflatoxin were analyzed and classified into four groups based on their properties: coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, microbial content and x-ray diffraction (XRD) spacings. A subset of 20 bentonite samples from commercial sources and reference minerals from 6 US-states and 2 sites in Mexico was selected for sorption determinations. A 10-fold difference in sorption based on the Langmuir equation was observed. Yet clay properties were mostly clustered and it is not clear which properties influence this variation. The basal spacing of AfB1 saturated smectites exhibited greater resistance to collapse on heating than untreated smectites indicating that AfB1 entered the interlayer galleries of the smectites. After heating the mycotoxin-clay complex the desorbed mycotoxin was altered indicating a reaction of the molecules with the clay surface. The most effective sorbent smectite samples were from three US-states (MS, ID, TX).read more
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Bonding mechanisms between aflatoxin B1 and smectite
TL;DR: In this article, aflatoxin-smectite complex was found to have a basal spacing greater than 1.2 nm up to 400°C and the in-phase carbonyl-stretching band shifted from 1736 cm −1 for monovalent cation (K or Na) to 1687 cm − 1 for heavy-metal (Ni or Cu) complexes.
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Mineral adsorbents for prevention of mycotoxins in animal feeds
Mayra Carraro Di Gregorio,Diane Valganon de Neeff,Alessandra Vincenzi Jager,Carlos Humberto Corassin,Ágatha Cristina de Pinho Carão,Ricardo de Albuquerque,Antonio Carlos de Azevedo,Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira +7 more
TL;DR: The most important types of mineral adsorbents [aluminosilicates, HSCAS, bentonites (montmorillonites), zeolites, sepiolite, diatomite and activated carbons] used in feeds, especially for poultry and pigs, and their adsorption mechanisms as mentioned in this paper.
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In vitro and in vivo characterization of mycotoxin-binding additives used for animal feeds in Mexico
Alicia Marroquin-Cardona,Youjun Deng,John F. Taylor,C. T. Hallmark,Natalie M. Johnson,Timothy D. Phillips +5 more
TL;DR: Most of the additives were found to be non-toxic to Hydra except for the organoclays (ZEO, DUO and MSB), and in general, NSP demonstrated the highest sorption capacity in the bulk material and the different fractions.
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