Journal ArticleDOI
Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites
TLDR
Greater social resources, as defined by social networks and social engagement, are associated with reduced cognitive decline in old age.Abstract:
Objective: To examine the relation of social resources and cognitive decline in older adults. Methods: Data are from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, an epidemiologic study of risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) and other common conditions in a geographically defined population of older persons. The sample consisted of 6,102 non-Hispanic African Americans (61.2%) and whites, aged ≥ 65, who underwent up to three interviews during an average of 5.3 years of follow-up. Each interview included administration of four cognitive function tests from which a composite measure of cognition was formed. Social networks were based on the number of children, relatives, and friends seen at least once a month. Social engagement was measured with four items related to social and productive activity. Results: Higher number of social networks and level of social engagement were positively correlated with initial level of cognitive function (networks estimate = 0.003, engagement estimate = 0.060, both p Conclusions: Greater social resources, as defined by social networks and social engagement, are associated with reduced cognitive decline in old age.read more
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Social Disconnectedness, Perceived Isolation, and Health among Older Adults
TL;DR: The extent to which social disconnectedness and perceived isolation have distinct associations with physical and mental health among older adults is examined and it is concluded that health researchers need to consider social disconnectednesses and perceived isolatedness simultaneously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults
Frank R. Lin,Kristine Yaffe,Jin Xia,Qian Li Xue,Tamara B. Harris,Elizabeth Purchase-Helzner,Suzanne Satterfield,Hilsa N. Ayonayon,Luigi Ferrucci,Eleanor M. Simonsick +9 more
TL;DR: Hearing loss is independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults and the mechanistic basis of this association is and whether hearing rehabilitative interventions could affect cognitive decline is investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced?
TL;DR: The available evidence suggests that activities can postpone decline, attenuate decline, or provide prosthetic benefit in the face of normative cognitive decline, while at the same time indicating that late-life cognitive changes can result in curtailment of activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: A population-based perspective.
TL;DR: There is sufficiently strong evidence, from a population‐based perspective, to conclude that regular physical activity and management of cardiovascular risk factors reduce the risk of cognitive decline and may reduce therisk of dementia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hearing Loss and Incident Dementia
TL;DR: Hearing loss is independently associated with incident all-cause dementia, and whether hearing loss is a marker for early-stage dementia or is actually a modifiable risk factor for dementia deserves further study.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Random-effects models for longitudinal data
Nan M. Laird,James H. Ware +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a unified approach to fitting two-stage random-effects models, based on a combination of empirical Bayes and maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters and using the EM algorithm, is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index:
TL;DR: In this paper, a field test of two shorter forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) symptoms index was conducted in a multisite survey of persons 65 and older.