Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies and methods for studying the rhizosphere—the plant science toolbox
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TLDR
In spite of a wide array of methodological approaches developed in the recent past for studying processes and interactions in the rhizosphere mainly under simplified conditions in model experiments, there is still an obvious lack of methods to test the relevance of these findings under real field conditions or on the scale of ecosystems.Abstract:
This review summarizes and discusses methodological approaches for studies on the impact of plant roots on the surrounding rhizosphere and for elucidation of the related mechanisms, covering a range from simple model experiments up to the field scale. A section on rhizosphere sampling describes tools and culture systems employed for analysis of root growth, root morphology, vitality testing and for monitoring of root activity with respect to nutrient uptake, water, ion and carbon flows in the rhizosphere. The second section on rhizosphere probing covers techniques to detect physicochemical changes in the rhizosphere as a consequence of root activity. This comprises compartment systems to obtain rhizosphere samples, visualisation techniques, reporter gene approaches and remote sensing technologies for monitoring the conditions in the rhizosphere. Approaches for the experimental manipulation of the rhizosphere by use of molecular and genetic methods as tools to study rhizosphere processes are discussed in a third section. Finally it is concluded that in spite of a wide array of methodological approaches developed in the recent past for studying processes and interactions in the rhizosphere mainly under simplified conditions in model experiments, there is still an obvious lack of methods to test the relevance of these findings under real field conditions or even on the scale of ecosystems. This also limits reliable data input and validation in current rhizosphere modelling approaches. Possible interactions between different environmental factors or plant-microbial interactions (e.g. mycorrhizae) are frequently not considered in model experiments. Moreover, most of the available knowledge arises from investigations with a very limited number of plant species, mainly crops and studies considering also intraspecific genotypic differences or the variability within wild plant species are just emerging.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Developing X-ray Computed Tomography to non-invasively image 3-D root systems architecture in soil
TL;DR: It is concluded that CT is well placed to contribute significantly to unravelling the complex interactions between roots and soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Release of plant-borne flavonoids into the rhizosphere and their role in plant nutrition
TL;DR: A review of the types and amounts of flavonoids released by roots of different plant species, as well as the available knowledge on root exudation mechanisms is presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel scanning procedure enabling the vectorization of entire rhizotron-grown root systems
Guillaume Lobet,Xavier Draye +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents an original spit-and-combine imaging procedure that enables the complete vectorization of complex root systems grown in rhizotrons and generates a rich dataset containing morphological, topological and geometrical information of entire root systems growing in rhzotrons.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-throughput phenotyping of seminal root traits in wheat
TL;DR: The clear pot method was considered the most suitable for large-scale and high-throughput screening of seedling root characteristics in crop improvement programs and could be easily integrated in breeding programs targeting drought tolerance to rapidly enrich breeding populations with desirable alleles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct comparison of MRI and X-ray CT technologies for 3D imaging of root systems in soil: potential and challenges for root trait quantification
Ralf Metzner,Anja Eggert,Dagmar van Dusschoten,Daniel Pflugfelder,Stefan Gerth,Ulrich Schurr,Norman Uhlmann,Siegfried Jahnke +7 more
TL;DR: Both techniques performed equally well for pots with small diameters which are best suited to monitor root development of seedlings, but for larger pot diameters, MRI delivered higher fractions of the root systems than CT, most likely because of the strong root-to-soil contrast achievable by MRI.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource
TL;DR: Physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of white lupin and other species response to P-deficiency have identified targets that may be useful for plant improvement, and Genomic approaches involving identification of expressed sequence tags found under low-P stress may also yield target sites for plant improved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organic acids in the rhizosphere: a critical review
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the role of organic acids in rhizosphere processes is presented, which includes information on organic acid levels in plants (concentrations, compartmentalisation, spatial aspects, synthesis), plant efflux (passive versus active transport, theoretical versus experimental considerations), soil reactions (soil solution concentrations, sorption) and microbial considerations (mineralization).
Book
Plant roots : the hidden half
TL;DR: The Evolution and Genomics of Roots The Origin of Roots Paul Kenrick Arabidopsis Root Jaimie M. Van Norman, Louisa M. Liberman, and Philip N. Benfey Root Structure Cellular Patterning of the Root Meristem Kimberly L. Gallagher Cellular patterning in the Root Epidermis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphate Acquisition
TL;DR: In this paper, molecular, biochemical and physiological factors associated with phosphate acquisition by plants are described. But the authors do not consider the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the ability of plants to acquire Pi.
Plant roots: the hidden half
TL;DR: The evolution and genomics of roots have been extensively studied in the literature as discussed by the authors, including the origin of roots, root growth and development, and their role in plant growth and reproduction.