Journal ArticleDOI
Subjectivity and bias in forensic DNA mixture interpretation
Itiel E. Dror,Greg Hampikian +1 more
TLDR
When 17 North American expert DNA examiners were asked for their interpretation of data from an adjudicated criminal case in that jurisdiction, they produced inconsistent interpretations, suggesting that the extraneous context of the criminal case may have influenced the interpretation of the DNA evidence, thereby showing a biasing effect of contextual information in DNA mixture interpretation.About:
This article is published in Science & Justice.The article was published on 2011-12-01. It has received 255 citations till now.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics
TL;DR: This work outlines a framework for understanding the ecology of eDNA, including the origin, state, transport, and fate of extraorganismal genetic material, and identifies frontiers of conservation-focused eDNA application where it sees the most potential for growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
The forensic confirmation bias: Problems, perspectives, and proposed solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe classic psychological research on primacy, expectancy effects, and observer effects, all of which indicate that context can taint people's perceptions, judgments, and behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are Forensic Experts Biased by the Side That Retained Them
TL;DR: The results provide strong evidence of an allegiance effect among some forensic experts in adversarial legal proceedings.
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A General Structure for Legal Arguments about Evidence Using Bayesian Networks.
TL;DR: This article describes a method for building useful legal arguments in a consistent and repeatable way and is based on the recognition that such arguments can be built up from a small number of basic causal structures (referred to as idioms).
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive bias in forensic anthropology: Visual assessment of skeletal remains is susceptible to confirmation bias
TL;DR: Cognitive bias can impact forensic anthropological non-metric methods on skeletal remains and affects the interpretation and conclusions of the forensic scientists, demonstrating a strong confirmation bias in the assessment of sex, ancestry and age at death.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises:
TL;DR: Confirmation bias, as the term is typically used in the psychological literature, connotes the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a h...
Book
Strengthening forensic science in the United States : a path forward
TL;DR: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community as discussed by the authors.
Posted Content
The Coming Paradigm Shift in Forensic Identification Science
TL;DR: Changes in the law pertaining to the admissibility of expert evidence in court, together with the emergence of DNA typing as a model for a scientifically defensible approach to questions of shared identity, are driving the older forensic sciences toward a new scientific paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Coming Paradigm Shift in Forensic Identification Science
TL;DR: The assumption of discernible uniqueness that resides at the core of forensic identification sciences is weakened by evidence of errors in proficiency testing and in actual cases as discussed by the authors, and the emergence of DNA typing as a model for a scientifically defensible approach to questions of shared identity is driving the older forensic sciences toward a new scientific paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the interpretation of mixtures
Peter Gill,Charles H. Brenner,John Buckleton,Angel Carracedo,Michael Krawczak,Wolfgang R. Mayr,Niels Morling,M. Prinz,Peter M. Schneider,Bruce S. Weir +9 more
TL;DR: The DNA commission of the ISFG was convened at the 21st congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics to agree on guidelines to encourage best practice that can be universally applied to assist with mixture interpretation.