scispace - formally typeset
Journal ArticleDOI

Tailoring wine yeast for the new millennium: novel approaches to the ancient art of winemaking

Isak S. Pretorius
- 15 Jun 2000 - 
- Vol. 16, Iss: 8, pp 675-729
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In light of the limited knowledge of industrial wine yeasts' complex genomes and the daunting challenges to comply with strict statutory regulations and consumer demands regarding the future use of genetically modified strains, this review cautions against unrealistic expectations over the short term.
Abstract
Yeasts are predominant in the ancient and complex process of winemaking. In spontaneous fermentations, there is a progressive growth pattern of indigenous yeasts, with the final stages invariably being dominated by the alcohol-tolerant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This species is universally known as the ‘wine yeast’ and is widely preferred for initiating wine fermentations. The primary role of wine yeast is to catalyze the rapid, complete and efficient conversion of grape sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide and other minor, but important, metabolites without the development of off-flavours. However, due to the demanding nature of modern winemaking practices and sophisticated wine markets, there is an ever-growing quest for specialized wine yeast strains possessing a wide range of optimized, improved or novel oenological properties. This review highlights the wealth of untapped indigenous yeasts with oenological potential, the complexity of wine yeasts’ genetic features and the genetic techniques often used in strain development. The current status of genetically improved wine yeasts and potential targets for further strain development are outlined. In light of the limited knowledge of industrial wine yeasts’ complex genomes and the daunting challenges to comply with strict statutory regulations and consumer demands regarding the future use of genetically modified strains, this review cautions against unrealistic expectations over the short term. However, the staggering potential advantages of improved wine yeasts to both the winemaker and consumer in the third millennium are pointed out. Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

read more

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI

Yeast Strain Optimization for Enological Applications

TL;DR: This chapter focuses the attention on two of the most successful techniques to that end, quantitative trait locus (QTL) and evolutionary engineering.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Molecular and Enological Characterization of Autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Isolated from Grape-musts and Wines Cannonau

TL;DR: In order to identify yeast starter strains for the production of the Sardinian wine Cannonau DOC, 66 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, isolated from musts and wines Cannonau of six vitivinicole areas in Sardinia, were subjected to enological characterization and molecular identification.
Book ChapterDOI

Yeast selection for wine flavor modulation

TL;DR: In this article , the enzymatic activities of yeast metabolism and their genetic control have been widely studied, allowing genetic selection approaches as well as molecular engineering for selecting more specialized commercial starters.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Red Wine Concentrate Enriched with Polyphenol Compounds under Experimental Diabetes in Rats

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of red wine concentrate on key hematological parameters of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus has been investigated and it was shown that the concentrate had a corrective effect on investigated indicators and caused their normalization in plasma of diabetic animals.

Produção de etanol em meio sintético com recuperação de fermento entre bateladas sucessivas

TL;DR: Etanol: importância e papel na economia brasileira ............................................... 28 1.2.2 – Estratégias aplicadas ao processo de fermentação em batelada simples agitadas Erlenmeyers ............................................................................................. 52 Parâmentros de Fermentaçao e Estabilidade genética ... Morais, M.R.
References
More filters
Book

The yeasts : a taxonomic study

TL;DR: Pt.
Book

Molecular Biology of the Gene

TL;DR: The long-awaited Fifth Edition of James D. Watson's classic text, Molecular Biology of the Gene, has been thoroughly revised and is published to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Watson and Crick's paper on the structure of the DNA double-helix as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: Regulation by starvation and RAS

TL;DR: Pseudohyphal growth requires the polar budding pattern of a/alpha diploid cells; haploid axially budding cells of identical genotype cannot undergo this dimorphic transition.
Book

Yeast Physiology and Biotechnology

TL;DR: Introduction to Yeast Cytology, Yeast Nutrition, and Yeast Metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI

Novel sensing mechanisms and targets for the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

TL;DR: A major issue that remains to be resolved is the precise connection between the cAMP–PKA pathway and other nutrient‐regulated components involved in the control of growth and of phenotypic characteristics correlated with growth, such as the Sch9 and Yak1 protein kinases.
Related Papers (5)