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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
Alan J. M. Baker,Robert R. Brooks +1 more
- Vol. 1, Iss: 2, pp 81-126
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TLDR
Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.Abstract:
This paper reviews the plant geography, ecology, metal tolerance and phytochcmistry of terrestrial higher plants which arc able to accumulate metallic elements in their dry matter to an exceptional degree. The review is limited to the elements Co, Cu, Cr, Pb. Mn. Ni and Zn. Hyperaccumulators of Co, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni arc here defined as plants containing over 1000 u.g/g (ppm) of any of these elements in the dry matter; for Mn and Zn, the criterion is 10,000 u.g/g (1%). A unifying feature of hypcraccumula ting plants is their general restriction to mineralized soils and specific rock types. Lists of hypcraccumula ting species arc presented for the elements considered. These suggest that the phenomenon is widespread throughout the plant kingdom. For example, 145 hyper-accumulators of nickel are reported: these arc distributed among 6 supcrordcrs, 17 orders, and 22 families and include herbs, shrubs and trees from both the temperate and tropical zones. Although some phylogcnetic relationships emerge, the evolutionary significance of metal hyperaccumulation remains obscure. Phytochemical studies however suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils. The potentialities of hyperaccumula ting plants in biorccovcry and soil detoxification arc indicated.read more
Citations
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Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation
TL;DR: The principles, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization, soil washing and phytoremediation techniques which are frequently listed among the best demonstrated available technologies for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated sites are presented.
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Phytoremediation of heavy metals—Concepts and applications
TL;DR: This review article comprehensively discusses the background, concepts and future trends in phytoremediation of heavy metals.
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Phytoremediation: A Novel Strategy for the Removal of Toxic Metals from the Environment Using Plants
David E. Salt,Michael J. Blaylock,Nanda P. B. A. Kumar,Viatcheslav. Dushenkov,Burt D. Ensley,Ilan Chet,Ilya Raskin +6 more
TL;DR: Biological mechanisms of toxic metal uptake, translocation and resistance as well as strategies for improving phytoremediation are also discussed.
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Zinc in plants
Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
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Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants
TL;DR: This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of toxic metal accumulation in plants and algae, the responses to metal exposure, as well as the understanding of metal tolerance and its evolution.
References
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Book
The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
M. H. Martin,H. Marschner +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Book
Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between mineral nutrition and plant diseases and pests, and diagnose deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients in leaves and other aerial parts of a plant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of nickeliferous rocks by analysis of herbarium specimens of indicator plants
TL;DR: In this paper, nearly 2000 herbarium specimens and 232 species of the genera Homalium and Hybanthus were analysed for nickel in order to identify plant accumulators of nickel which were indicative of nickeliferous (usually ultrabasic) rocks.