Journal ArticleDOI
Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks
TLDR
A study with 40 normal adult subjects indicates that the ANT produces reliable single subject estimates of alerting, orienting, and executive function, and further suggests that the efficiencies of these three networks are uncorrelated.Abstract:
In recent years, three attentional networks have been defined in anatomical and functional terms. These functions involve alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Reaction time measures can be used to quantify the processing efficiency within each of these three networks. The Attention Network Test (ANT) is designed to evaluate alerting, orienting, and executive attention within a single 30-min testing session that can be easily performed by children, patients, and monkeys. A study with 40 normal adult subjects indicates that the ANT produces reliable single subject estimates of alerting, orienting, and executive function, and further suggests that the efficiencies of these three networks are uncorrelated. There are, however, some interactions in which alerting and orienting can modulate the degree of interference from flankers. This procedure may prove to be convenient and useful in evaluating attentional abnormalities associated with cases of brain injury, stroke, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit disorder. The ANT may also serve as an activation task for neuroimaging studies and as a phenotype for the study of the influence of genes on attentional networks.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after.
TL;DR: The framework presented in the original article has helped to integrate behavioral, systems, cellular, and molecular approaches to common problems in attention research and has led to increased understanding of aspects of pathology and to some new interventions.
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How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective
TL;DR: Several components through which mindfulness meditation exerts its effects are explored, suggesting that the mechanisms described here work synergistically, establishing a process of enhanced self-regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature
TL;DR: Two experiments are presented that show that walking in nature or viewing pictures of nature can improve directed-attention abilities as measured with a backwards digit-span task and the Attention Network Task, thus validating attention restoration theory.
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Visual attention: The past 25 years
TL;DR: The emphasis of this review is on psychophysical studies, but relevant electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies and models regarding how and where neuronal responses are modulated are also discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation
TL;DR: Research over the past two decades broadly supports the claim that mindfulness meditation exerts beneficial effects on physical and mental health, and cognitive performance, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Orienting of attention
TL;DR: This paper explores one aspect of cognition through the use of a simple model task in which human subjects are asked to commit attention to a position in visual space other than fixation by orienting a covert mechanism that seems sufficiently time locked to external events that its trajectory can be traced across the visual field in terms of momentary changes in the efficiency of detecting stimuli.
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Neural Mechanisms of Selective Visual Attention
Robert Desimone,John S. Duncan +1 more
TL;DR: The two basic phenomena that define the problem of visual attention can be illustrated in a simple example and selectivity-the ability to filter out un wanted information is illustrated.
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The Attention System of the Human Brain
TL;DR: Illustration de trois fonctions principales qui sont predominantes dans l'etude de l'intervention de l'sattention dans les processus cognitifs: 1) orientation vers des evenements sensoriels; 2) detection des signaux par processus focal; 3) maintenir la vigilance en etat d'alerte
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Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1-sec tachistoscopic exposure, Ss responded with a right or left leverpress to a single target letter from the sets H and K or S and C. The target always appeared directly above the fixation cross.
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Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
TL;DR: Various findings are reviewed in relation to the idea that ACC is a part of a circuit involved in a form of attention that serves to regulate both cognitive and emotional processing, and how the success of this regulation in controlling responses might be correlated with cingulate size.