Journal ArticleDOI
The CARIB97 high-resolution geoid height model for the Caribbean Sea
Dru A. Smith,H. J. Small +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a 2×2 arc-minute resolution geoid model, CARIB97, has been computed covering the Caribbean Sea covering the GRS-80 ellipsoid, centered at the ITRF94 (1996) origin.Abstract:
A 2×2 arc-minute resolution geoid model, CARIB97, has been computed covering the Caribbean Sea. The geoid undulations refer to the GRS-80 ellipsoid, centered at the ITRF94 (1996.0) origin. The geoid level is defined by adopting the gravity potential on the geoid as W0=62 636 856.88 m2/s2 and a gravity-mass constant of GM=3.986 004 418×1014 m3/s2. The geoid model was computed by applying high-frequency corrections to the Earth Gravity Model 1996 global geopotential model in a remove-compute-restore procedure. The permanent tide system of CARIB97 is non-tidal. Comparison of CARIB97 geoid heights to 31 GPS/tidal (ITRF94/local) benchmarks shows an average offset (h–H–N) of 51 cm, with an Root Mean Square (RMS) of 62 cm about the average. This represents an improvement over the use of a global geoid model for the region. However, because the measured orthometric heights (H) refer to many differing tidal datums, these comparisons are biased by localized permanent ocean dynamic topography (PODT). Therefore, we interpret the 51 cm as partially an estimate of the average PODT in the vicinity of the 31 island benchmarks. On an island-by-island basis, CARIB97 now offers the ability to analyze local datum problems which were previously unrecognized due to a lack of high-resolution geoid information in the area.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric water vapor and geoid measurements in the open ocean with GPS
TL;DR: In this article, the vertical position of the GPS antenna in the open ocean was determined to better than 10 cm rms and the high horizontal resolution of ship-based positions was further concluded that useful geodetic information can be obtained from high accuracy GPS observations from ships in the ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sea-level history of past interglacial periods from uranium-series dating of corals, Curaçao, Leeward Antilles islands
TL;DR: Curacao has reef terraces with the potential to provide sea-level histories of interglacial periods as discussed by the authors, and the ages of the Hato (upper) unit of the "Lower Terrace" indicate that this reef dates to the last marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.5.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformation of Ellipsoid Heights to Local Leveling Heights
Mustafa Yanalak,Orhan Baykal +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the use of interpolation methods, which are used for digital terrain modeling, in transformation of Global Positioning System (GPS) ellipsoid heights to local heights.
Journal ArticleDOI
Digital Elevation Model Based Volume Calculations using Topographical Data
Mustafa Yanalak,Orhan Baykal +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) based volume calculation is evaluated on four selected theoretical surfaces for various data patterns, including triangular prisms, rectangular prisms and cross sections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved determination of heights using a conversion surface by combining gravimetric quasi-geoid/geoid and gps-levelling height differences
TL;DR: In this paper, a gravimetric quasigeoid and GPS-levelling height differences are combined to develop a new surface, suitable for levelling by GPS, which provides better conversion of GPS ellipsoidal heights to the national normal heights.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension
Walter H. F. Smith,Paul Wessel +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to add tension to the elastic-plate flexure equation to improve the convergence of a minimum curvature gridding algorithm with a tension parameter, where the same system of equations must be solved in either case and only the relative weights of the coefficients change.
Book ChapterDOI
The Development of the NASA GSFC and NIMA Joint Geopotential Model
Frank G. Lemoine,David E. Smith,L. Kunz,R. Smith,E. C. Pavlis,Nikolaos K. Pavlis,Steven M. Klosko,Douglas S. Chinn,M. H. Torrence,R. G. Williamson,C. M. Cox,K. E. Rachlin,Y. M. Wang,S. C. Kenyon,R. Salman,R. Trimmer,Richard H. Rapp,R. S. Nerem +17 more
TL;DR: The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and The Ohio State University have collaborated to produce EGM96, an improved degree 360 spherical harmonic model representing the Earth's gravitational potential as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of potential coefficient models for geoid undulation determinations using a spherical harmonic representation of the height anomaly/geoid undulation difference
TL;DR: In this article, a potential coefficient model of the Earth's gravitational potential was used to calculate height anomalies and then reduced to geoid undulations where such quantities are needed for orthometric height determination and vertical datum definition through potential coefficient realization of the geoid.
Journal ArticleDOI
The GEOID96 high-resolution geoid height model for the United States
D. A. Smith,D. G. Milbert +1 more
TL;DR: The 2 arcminute × 2 arc minute geoid model (GEOID96) for the United States supports the conversion between North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83) ellipsoid heights and North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88) Helmert heights.