Open AccessJournal Article
The chemistry of the metabolites of cyclophosphamide.
TLDR
An overview of the spontaneous chemistry of cyclophosphamide metabolites can be found in this paper, where perturbations to metabolite distributions and half-lives effected by buffer, structure, pH and nucleophiles are discussed.Abstract:
This is primarily an overview of the spontaneous (non-enzymatic) chemistry of the metabolites of cyclophosphamide, viz., cis- and trans-4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, aldophosphamide (and its hydrate), iminophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, acrolein, and chloroethylaziridine. A brief description of detoxification products obtained through enzyme catalyzed reactions appears. Included as the historical basis for the development of cyclophosphamide is the chemistry of nitrogen mustards. Among the topics covered are: perturbations to metabolite distributions and half-lives effected by buffer, structure, pH and nucleophiles; effects of pH on mechanism; alkylation versus P-N bond hydrolysis; the influence of nucleophiles on alkylation product distributions; the influence of substituents on alkylation rates; and preactivated forms of cyclophosphamide as metabolite precursors (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and mafosfamide). A review with 66 references.read more
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Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its clinical impact
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Bendamustine (Treanda) Displays a Distinct Pattern of Cytotoxicity and Unique Mechanistic Features Compared with Other Alkylating Agents
Lorenzo M. Leoni,Brandi Bailey,Jack Reifert,Heather Bendall,Robert W. Zeller,Jacques Corbeil,Gary Elliott,Christina Niemeyer +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that bendamustine possesses mechanistic features that differentiate it from other alkylating agents and may contribute to its distinct clinical efficacy profile.
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Acrolein-induced cell death: a caspase-influenced decision between apoptosis and oncosis/necrosis.
Julie C. Kern,James P. Kehrer +1 more
TL;DR: Data suggest that caspase inhibition plays an important role in the cell death pathway decision, particularly with treatments dependent on the caspases cascade to induce apoptosis.
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Protection of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in reproductive tract histology, sperm characteristics, and DNA damage by an herbal source; evidence for role of free-radical toxic stress.
Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar,Rajab Ali Sadrkhanlou,A Ahmadi,H Shojaei-Sadee,Azadeh Mohammadirad,Alinazar Salehnia,Mohammad Abdollahi +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that CP-induced toxic effects on androgenesis and spermatogenesis is mediated by free radicals and SKEO protects reproductive system from toxicity of CP through its antioxidant potential and androgenic activity.
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Metabolism and Transport of Oxazaphosphorines and the Clinical Implications
TL;DR: This review highlights the metabolism and transport of these oxazaphosphorines (mainly CPA and IFO, as these two oxazphosphorine drugs are the most widely used alkylating agents) and the clinical implications.