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Journal ArticleDOI

The Classification of Modifiable Synapses and Their Use In Models For Conditioning

G S Brindley
- 14 Nov 1967 - 
- Vol. 168, Iss: 1013, pp 361-376
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TLDR
It is argued that if the conditioning and memory mechanisms of the nervous system store information by means of modifiable synapses, some of these must be of class B or C, and if the models are to be given the property of extinction, classical conditioning requires modifiablesynapses of classes A and B or of class C.
Abstract
Modifiable synapses are analysed theoretically. It is proved that they fall into three classes (called A, B and C), such that any two members of the same class can, with the aid of non-remembering elements that perform simple logical operations, replace one another in any net; but a member of class A cannot replace one of class B or C. A member of class B can replace one of class A or C only if non-logical elements, for example noise generators, are included in the net. Models are designed that use modifiable synapses and show the principal features of classical and operant conditioning. If the models are to be given the property of extinction, classical conditioning requires modifiable synapses of classes A and B or of class C, and operant conditioning of class B or C. It is argued that if the conditioning and memory mechanisms of the nervous system store information by means of modifiable synapses, some of these must be of class B or C.

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Citations
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Long-term depression

TL;DR: Evidence is accumulating to support the cerebellar learning hypothesis as to how long the LTD lasts beyond the limit of the present maximum observation time of 3 hr, and whether and how it is eventually transformed to a permanent memory.
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Is the cerebellum a smith predictor

TL;DR: This article suggests that the cerebellum forms two types of internal model, a forward predictive model of the motor apparatus and a time delays in the control loop, which delays a copy of the rapid prediction so that it can be compared in temporal register with actual sensory feedback from the movement.
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Non-holographic associative memory

TL;DR: The features of a hologram that commend it as a model of associative memory can be improved on by other devices.
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Cerebellar Long-Term Depression: Characterization, Signal Transduction, and Functional Roles

Masao Ito
TL;DR: Roles of LTD are defined in the light of the microcomplex concept of the cerebellum as functionally eliminating those synaptic connections associated with errors during repeated exercises, while preserving other connections leading to the successful execution of movements.
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Innate and environmental factors in the development of the kitten's visual cortex.

TL;DR: A study of the receptive fields of 771 cells recorded in the visual cortex of twenty‐five kittens reared normally or subjected to various kinds of visual deprivation or environmental manipulation finds that in deprived animals, there are a number of genuinely orientation selective cells.
References
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Book

The organization of behavior

D. O. Hebb
Journal ArticleDOI

The excitatory synaptic action of climbing fibres on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a single climbing fibre makes an extraordinarily extensive synaptic contact with the dendrites of a Purkinje cell, and that the response had an all-or-nothing character, which corresponds with the synaptic action that is to be expected from climbing fibres.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes

Journal ArticleDOI

Central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots.

TL;DR: Information concerning this activity is presented at this time because of its possible importance in the economy of the ventral gray matter and, more particularly, because the pattern of discharge of the individual neurons is sufficiently unusual to be of general interest.