Journal ArticleDOI
The electromagnetic force field, fluid flow field, and temperature profiles in levitated metal droplets
N. El-Kaddah,Julian Szekely +1 more
TLDR
In this article, a mathematical representation for the electromagnetic force field, flow field, temperature field and for transport controlled kinetics, in a levitation melted metal droplet, was developed for the mutual inductances.Abstract:
A mathematical representation was developed for the electromagnetic force field, the flow field, the temperature field (and for transport controlled kinetics), in a levitation melted metal droplet. The technique of mutual inductances was employed for the calculation of the electromagnetic force field, while the turbulent Navier - Stokes equations and the turbulent convective transport equations were used to represent the fluid flow field, the temperature field and the concentration field. The governing differential equations, written in spherical coordinates, were solved numerically. The computed results were in good agreement with measurements, regarding the lifting force, and the average temperature of the specimen and carburization rates, which were transport controlled.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Containerless processing in the study of metallic melts and their solidification
TL;DR: The study of metallic melts, their physical properties, and their solidification behavior is of relevance to understanding of fundamental principles and to metallurgical applications as discussed by the authors, and many, if not all, of them have been studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oscillations of magnetically levitated aspherical droplets
D. L. Cummings,D. A. Blackburn +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how the vibrations of a non-rotating liquid droplet are affected by the asphericity and additional restoring forces that the levitating field introduces and showed that the expected single frequency of the fundamental mode is split into either three, when there is an axis of rotational symmetry, or five unequally spaced bands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental and numerical analysis of the temperature transition of a suspended freezing water droplet
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a simple experimental and numerical method to study the temperature transition of freezing droplets, which was used to predict the freezing time of the droplet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic levitation apparatus for diffraction investigations on the short-range order of undercooled metallic melts
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental proof of an icosahedral short-range order prevailing in a great variety of undercooled melts of pure metals and alloys forming quasicrystalline or polytetrahedral phases was provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laminar-turbulent transition in an electromagnetically levitated droplet
TL;DR: In this article, a pair of co-rotating toroidal flow structures inside the spheroidal drop that undergo flow instabilities were observed. And the internal structure of the toroidal loops was used to develop a semi-empirical correlation for the onset of turbulence.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The numerical computation of turbulent flows
Brian Launder,D. B. Spalding +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the applicability and applicability of numerical predictions of turbulent flow, and advocate that computational economy, range of applicability, and physical realism are best served by turbulence models in which the magnitudes of two turbulence quantities, the turbulence kinetic energy k and its dissipation rate ϵ, are calculated from transport equations solved simultaneously with those governing the mean flow behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic Levitation of Solid and Molten Metals
TL;DR: In this article, an unconventional method of heating and melting metals without a crucible, by suspension in space with an electromagnetic field, is described, and the results obtained by means of the new technique encourage the thought of melting, purifying, alloying and agitating of inert and reactive metals without resort to crucibles, and thereby avoiding the contamination of reactive metals by crucible materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluid velocities in induction melting furnaces: Part I. Theory and laboratory experiments
Erach D. Tarapore,James Evans +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the simultaneous solution of the Maxwell and Navier Stokes equations to predict fluid flow in an induction furnace due to electromagnetic stirring forces by the design parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The modeling of pool profiles, temperature profiles and velocity fields in ESR systems
M. Choudhary,Julian Szekely +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model was developed to represent the pool profiles, the velocity fields and the temperature profiles in an ESR system, which is capable of predicting pool profiles from first principles.