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The Laplacian spectrum of graphs

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TLDR
This paper is essentially a survey of known results about the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix of graphs with special emphasis on the second smallest LaPLacian eigenvalue λ2 and its relation to numerous graph invariants, including connectivity, expanding properties, isoperimetric number, maximum cut, independence number, genus, diameter, mean distance, and bandwidth-type parameters of a graph.
Abstract
The paper is essentially a survey of known results about the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix of graphs with special emphasis on the second smallest Laplacian eigenvalue λ2 and its relation to numerous graph invariants, including connectivity, expanding properties, isoperimetric number, maximum cut, independence number, genus, diameter, mean distance, and bandwidth-type parameters of a graph. Some new results and generalizations are added. † This article appeared in “Graph Theory, Combinatorics, and Applications”, Vol. 2, Ed. Y. Alavi, G. Chartrand, O. R. Oellermann, A. J. Schwenk, Wiley, 1991, pp. 871–898. ‡ The work supported in part by the Research Council of Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Part of the work was done while the author was a Fulbright Scholar at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

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References
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Book

Algebraic Graph Theory

TL;DR: The Laplacian of a Graph and Cuts and Flows are compared to the Rank Polynomial.
Book

Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and Its Applications

TL;DR: In this paper, Doubly Stochastic Matrices and Schur-Convex Functions are used to represent matrix functions in the context of matrix factorizations, compounds, direct products and M-matrices.
Book

Spectra of graphs : theory and application

TL;DR: The Spectrum and the Group of Automorphisms as discussed by the authors have been used extensively in Graph Spectra Techniques in Graph Theory and Combinatory Applications in Chemistry an Physics. But they have not yet been applied to Graph Spectral Biblgraphy.
Book

Eigenvalues in Riemannian geometry

Isaac Chavel
TL;DR: The Dirichlet Heat Kernel for Regular Domains as mentioned in this paper is a heat kernel for non-compact manifolds that is based on the Laplacian on forms (LFP).