The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition
TLDR
This Review summarizes key findings and issues arising from a decade of research into the neurocognitive and neurocomputational underpinnings of semantic cognition, leading to a new framework that is term controlled semantic cognition (CSC).Abstract:
Semantic cognition refers to our ability to use, manipulate and generalize knowledge that is acquired over the lifespan to support innumerable verbal and non-verbal behaviours. This Review summarizes key findings and issues arising from a decade of research into the neurocognitive and neurocomputational underpinnings of this ability, leading to a new framework that we term controlled semantic cognition (CSC). CSC offers solutions to long-standing queries in philosophy and cognitive science, and yields a convergent framework for understanding the neural and computational bases of healthy semantic cognition and its dysfunction in brain disorders.read more
Citations
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Neurobiology of Schemas and Schema-Mediated Memory.
TL;DR: The vmPFC and hippocampus may compete or synchronize to optimize schema-related learning depending on the specific operationalization of schema memory, which highlights the need for more precise definitions of memory schemas.
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Towards a Universal Taxonomy of Macro-scale Functional Human Brain Networks.
TL;DR: It is posited that as the field of network neuroscience matures, it will become increasingly imperative to arrive at a taxonomy such as that proposed here, that can be consistently referenced across research groups.
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Toward a universal decoder of linguistic meaning from brain activation
Francisco Pereira,Bin Lou,Brianna Pritchett,Samuel Ritter,Samuel J. Gershman,Nancy Kanwisher,Nancy Kanwisher,Matthew Botvinick,Evelina Fedorenko +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a decoder trained on neuroimaging data of single concepts sampling the semantic space can robustly decode meanings of semantically diverse new sentences with topics not encountered during training.
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The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective.
Jonathan Smallwood,Boris C. Bernhardt,Robert Leech,Danilo Bzdok,Elizabeth Jefferies,Daniel S. Margulies,Daniel S. Margulies +6 more
TL;DR: The default mode network (DMN) as mentioned in this paper is a set of widely distributed brain regions in the parietal, temporal and frontal cortex, and it has been shown that these regions often show reductions in activity during attention-demanding tasks but increase their activity across multiple forms of complex cognition.
References
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The Brain's Default Network Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
TL;DR: Past observations are synthesized to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment, and for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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The cortical organization of speech processing
Gregory Hickok,David Poeppel +1 more
TL;DR: A dual-stream model of speech processing is outlined that assumes that the ventral stream is largely bilaterally organized — although there are important computational differences between the left- and right-hemisphere systems — and that the dorsal stream is strongly left- Hemisphere dominant.
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Where Is the Semantic System? A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of 120 Functional Neuroimaging Studies
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 120 functional neuroimaging studies focusing on semantic processing and identified reliable areas of activation in these studies using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) technique, which formed a distinct, left-lateralized network comprised of 7 regions: posterior inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus.