Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship between Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cognitive Function
TLDR
It is concluded that, in diabetic patients who achieve and maintain good glycemic control, type 2 diabetes only has a small impact on cognitive functions before the age of 70 years, and diabetes likely interacts with other dementing processes such as vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease to hasten cognitive decline.Abstract:
The present review integrates findings of published studies that have evaluated the cognitive function of treated and untreated type 2 diabetic patients and provides a detailed overview of the neuropsychological assessments conducted. Cognitive deficits are observed in older people with glucose intolerance or untreated diabetes but these deficits appear to be attenuated by treatments that improve glycemic control. Cognitive decrements in treated type 2 diabetic patients are most consistently observed on measures of verbal memory (35% of the measures) and processing speed (45% of the measures) while preserved function is observed on measures of visuospatial, attention, semantic and language function. Some studies suggest that deficits in cognitive functions are associated with poorer glycemic control. A number of other factors, such as depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, increase these deficits. We conclude that, in diabetic patients who achieve and maintain good glycemic control, type 2 diabetes only has a small impact on cognitive functions before the age of 70 years. However, early onset of type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control and the presence of micro- and macrovascular disease may interact to produce early cognitive deficits. In older adults (70 years and over), diabetes likely interacts with other dementing processes such as vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease to hasten cognitive decline.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
TL;DR: The findings of mechanistic studies suggest that vascular disease and alterations in glucose, insulin, and amyloid metabolism underlie the pathophysiology of dementia, but which of these mechanisms are clinically relevant is unclear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes- : systematic overview of prospective observational studies
TL;DR: Compared to people without diabetes, people with diabetes have a greater rate of decline in cognitive function and a greater risk of cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction should be added to the list of chronic complications of diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and type 2 diabetes
K. S. Krabbe,Anders R. Nielsen,Rikke Krogh-Madsen,Peter Plomgaard,Peter Rasmussen,Christian Erikstrup,Christian P. Fischer,Birgitte Lindegaard,A. M. W. Petersen,Sarah Taudorf,Niels H. Secher,Henriette Pilegaard,Helle Bruunsgaard,Bente Klarlund Pedersen +13 more
TL;DR: Low levels of BDNF accompany impaired glucose metabolism, and may be a pathogenetic factor involved not only in dementia and depression, but also in type 2 diabetes, potentially explaining the clustering of these conditions in epidemiological studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognition and diabetes: a lifespan perspective.
TL;DR: This Personal View investigates the hypothesis that clinically relevant diabetes-related cognitive decrements mainly occur at two crucial periods in life: when the brain is developing in childhood, and when thebrain undergoes neurodegenerative changes associated with ageing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Premorbid (early life) IQ and Later Mortality Risk: Systematic Review
TL;DR: In all studies, higher IQ in the first two decades of life was related to lower rates of total mortality in middle to late adulthood, and an inverse IQ-mortality relation was shown.
References
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Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Journal ArticleDOI
“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
James R. Gavin,K. G M M Alberti,Mayer B. Davidson,Ralph A. DeFronzo,Allan Drash,Steven G. Gabbe,Saul M. Genuth,Maureen I. Harris,Richard Kahn,Harry Keen,William C. Knowler,Harold E. Lebovitz,Noel K. Maclaren,Jerry P. Palmer,Philip Raskin,Robert A. Rizza,Michael P. Stern +16 more
TL;DR: It was deemed essential to develop an appropriate, uniform terminology and a functional, working classification of diabetes that reflects the current knowledge about the disease.