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The sinking of the El Faro: predicting real world rogue waves during Hurricane Joaquin
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In this paper, the authors present a study on the prediction of rogue waves during the 1-hour sea state of Hurricane Joaquin when the Merchant vessel El Faro sank east of the Bahamas on October 1, 2015.Abstract:
We present a study on the prediction of rogue waves during the 1-hour sea state of Hurricane Joaquin when the Merchant Vessel El Faro sank east of the Bahamas on October 1, 2015. High-resolution hindcast of hurricane-generated sea states and wave simulations are combined with novel probabilistic models to quantify the likelihood of rogue wave conditions. The data suggests that the El Faro vessel was drifting at an average speed of approximately~$2.5$~m/s prior to its sinking. As a result, we estimated that the probability that El Faro encounters a rogue wave whose crest height exceeds 14 meters while drifting over a time interval of 10~(50) minutes is $\sim1/400$~$(1/130)$. The largest simulated rogue wave has similar generating mechanism and characteristics of the Andrea, Draupner and Killard rogue waves as the constructive interference of elementary waves enhanced by bound nonlinearities.read more
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On Extreme Waves in Directional Seas with Presence of Oblique Current
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed fully nonlinear numerical simulations, and the results demonstrate that current can enhance the wave crest exceedance probability at distribution tail and kurtosis, broaden the spectra, and cause severe vertical and horizontal asymmetry of extreme wave profiles depending on the incident angle and initial wave steepness.
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Influence of the Wave Spectrum on Statistical Wave Properties
Tatjana Kokina,Frédéric Dias +1 more
Abstract: The main goal of the paper is to compare the effects of the wave spectrum, computed using the Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA) and the Webb–Resio–Tracy (WRT) methods, on statistical wave properties such as skewness and kurtosis. The statistical properties are obtained by integrating the three-dimensional free-surface Euler equations with a high-order spectral method combined with a phenomenological filter to account for the energy dissipation due to breaking waves. In addition, we investigate the minimum spatial domain size required to obtain meaningful statistical wave properties. The numerical simulations are performed over a physical domain of size 4.13 km × 4.13 km. The results indicate that statistical properties must be computed over an area of at least 4 km2. The results also suggest that selecting a more computationally expensive WRT method does not affect the statistical values to a great extent. The most noticeable effect is due to the energy dissipation filter that is applied. It is concluded that selecting the WRT or the DIA algorithm for computing the wave spectrum needed for the numerical simulations does not lead to major differences in the statistical wave properties. However, more accurate energy dissipation mechanisms due to wave breaking are needed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation stresses in water waves; a physical discussion, with applications
TL;DR: The radiation stresses in water waves play an important role in a variety of oceanographic phenomena, for example in the change in mean sea level due to storm waves (wave set-up), the generation of "surf-beats", the interaction of waves with steady currents, and the steepening of short gravity waves on the crests of longer waves as discussed by the authors.
Book
Random Fields and Geometry
Robert J. Adler,Jonathan Taylor +1 more
TL;DR: Random Fields and Geometry as discussed by the authors is a comprehensive survey of the general theory of Gaussian random fields with a focus on geometric problems arising in the study of random fields, including continuity and boundedness, entropy and majorizing measures, Borell and Slepian inequalities.
User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH III R version 4.18
Hendrik L. Tolman,Mickael Accensi,Henrique Alves,Fabrice Ardhuin,Jean Bidlot,Nico Booij,Anne-Claire Bennis,Timothy J Campbell,Dmitry Chalikov,Arun Chawla,Jean-François Filipot,Mike Foreman,Peter A. E. M. Janssen,Fabien Leckler,Jian-Guo Li,Kevin Lind,Mark D. Orzech,R. Padilla-Hernandez,W. Erick Rogers,Arshad Rawat,Aron Roland,Mathieu Dutour Sikiric,Mark Szyszka,Barbara A. Tracy,Gerbrant P. H. van Vledder,Andre van der Westhuysen,Stefan Zieger +26 more
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Oceanic Rogue Waves
TL;DR: In most circumstances, the properties of rogue waves and their probability of occurrence appear to be consistent with second-order random-wave theory as mentioned in this paper, although it is unclear whether these represent measurement errors or statistical flukes, or are caused by physical mechanisms not covered by the model.