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The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model Revisited: From Liability of Foreignness to Liability of Outsidership
Jan Johanson,Jan-Erik Vahlne +1 more
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The Uppsala internationalization process model was revisited in the light of changes in business practices and theoretical advances that have been made since 1977 as mentioned in this paper, and the change mechanisms in the revised model are essentially the same as those in the original version, although they add trust-building and knowledge creation, the latter to recognize the fact that new knowledge is developed in relationships.Abstract:
The Uppsala internationalization process model is revisited in the light of changes in business practices and theoretical advances that have been made since 1977. Now the business environment is viewed as a web of relationships, a network, rather than as a neoclassical market with many independent suppliers and customers. Outsidership, in relation to the relevant network, more than psychic distance, is the root of uncertainty. The change mechanisms in the revised model are essentially the same as those in the original version, although we add trust-building and knowledge creation, the latter to recognize the fact that new knowledge is developed in relationships.read more
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Macro-level spillovers and micro-level capabilities as antecedents of young SMEs’ propensity to export and to become a born global
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the case of young Spanish manufacturing SMEs combining firm-level data with territorial data at the autonomous community level in Spain and found that knowledge spillovers rather than firm's capabilities influence a young SME's propensity to export, while firm's capability rather than knowledge spillover influence a new venture propensity to become a born-global firm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foreign location decisions through an institutional lens: A systematic review and future research agenda
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically review and synthesize 106 articles published in 19 general management and international business journals from 1998 to 2019 and identify four research avenues that can unify future research.
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Networking capability building in the multinational enterprise: ITT and the Spanish adventure (1924–1945)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the operations in Spain of the largest telecom group of the interwar period, ITT, through an extensive use of both diplomatic and corporate records, and argued that the alliances developed by the multinational around the host market's political and business elite, enhanced by the support given by the US government, allowed ITT to preserve their interests in the country in turbulent times characterised by rising economic nationalism and instability in international and local markets.
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Challenges of Internationalization for SMEs and Overcoming these Challenges: A Case Study from Turkey☆
TL;DR: In this paper, an ethnographic study on an SME in Turkey that has been an active importer from Germany since its inception has been carried out to find the connections and the applications of different theorems for a small firm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social capital in China: a systematic literature review
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed articles published between 1996 and 2018 to map out the major findings in literature regarding the differences in social capital between China and the West, and identify questions for future research.
References
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Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the ability of a firm to recognize the value of new, external information, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends is critical to its innovative capabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness
TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which economic action is embedded in structures of social relations, in modern industrial society, is examined, and it is argued that reformist economists who attempt to bring social structure back in do so in the "oversocialized" way criticized by Dennis Wrong.
Posted Content
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an evolutionary theory of the capabilities and behavior of business firms operating in a market environment, including both general discussion and the manipulation of specific simulation models consistent with that theory.
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The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing
Robert Morgan,Shelby D. Hunt +1 more
TL;DR: Relationship marketing, established, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges, constitutes a major shift in marketing theory and practice as mentioned in this paper, after conceptualizing relationship relationships as a set of relationships.
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Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the relation between the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties in organizational learning and examine some complications in allocating resources between the two, particularly those introduced by the distribution of costs and benefits across time and space.
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