Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal hazard analyses for the synthesis of benzoyl peroxide
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In this paper, thermal hazard analysis of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was studied using RC1e (Reaction Calorimeter) and PHI-TEC to obtain thermal hazard coefficients.Abstract:
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), historically, due to its wide applications around the world, has caused many serious fire and explosion accidents. In this paper, in order to prevent such accidents, thermal hazard analyses of synthesis of benzoyl peroxide were studied. Firstly, in order to obtain thermal hazard coefficients, the exothermic processes with different alkaline solutions were studied by RC1e (Reaction Calorimeter). The alkaline solutions are NaOH, NH 4 HCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 , respectively. Secondly, the thermal decomposition of BPO product was studied by PHI-TECⅡto analysis the thermal stability. Finally, the possibility of runaway reactions and thermal risks of synthetic process were evaluated according to the Stoessel criticality diagram. In the first stage, the test results of the reaction heat (Δ H m ), heat release rate ( q r ) and adiabatic temperature rise (Δ T ad ) with different alkaline solutions were NaOH > Na 2 CO 3 > NH 4 HCO 3 . In the second stage, according to the analysis of experimental data, the heat release rate of reaction with NH 4 HCO 3 solution was the slowest, while the Maximum Temperature of the Synthesis Reaction ( MTSR ) and the adiabatic temperature rise (Δ T ad ) were lowest when using Na 2 CO 3 solution. The time needed to reach the maximum reaction rate under the adiabatic condition ( TMR ad ) was 0.83 h when using NaOH solution. The temperature was 38.24 °C when TMRad is 24 h ( T D24 ). The evaluation results of the process showed that the risks of reactions with NaOH solution or NH 4 HCO 3 solution were not acceptable. Only the risk of the reaction with Na 2 CO 3 solution was acceptable. Therefore, the safety level of synthesis of benzoyl peroxide can be significantly improved by using Na 2 CO 3 solution. Research in this paper can not only improve the safety level of BPO reaction and storage processes, but also provide technical support for stability criterion of BPO decomposition reaction.read more
Citations
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Thermal hazard assessment of the thermal stability of acne cosmeceutical therapy using advanced calorimetry technology
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal stability parameters of BPO were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, and thermal activity monitor III, and complete thermal stability analysis of low concentration BPO was conducted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal hazards of benzoyl peroxide and its derived process products through theoretical thermodynamics assessment and different calorimetric technologies.
TL;DR: The hazard level of BPO mixed with its by-products from the reaction process was much higher than that of pure BPO, and the related processes and their products are critical to prevent these kinds of chemical contingencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of multiple reactions in dilute benzoyl peroxide concentrations with additives using calorimetric technology
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal stability of various BPO concentrations when mixed with acid or alkaline solutions was investigated and the results of autocatalysis reactions and nth-order reaction simulations presented characteristics consistent with the experimental findings.
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Process safety evaluation of the synthesis of tert-butyl peracetate
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal hazard of tert-butyl peracetate (TBPA) was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Phi-TEC II adiabatic calorimeter.
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Thermal Runaway Risk of Semibatch Processes: Esterification Reaction with Autocatalytic Behavior
Lei Ni,Lei Ni,Lei Ni,Juncheng Jiang,M. Sam Mannan,Ahmed Mebarki,Mingguang Zhang,Mingguang Zhang,Xuhai Pan,Yong Pan +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new boundary diagram was proposed for the autocatalytic parallel reactions for the esterification of 2-butanol and propionic anhydride with sulfuric acid (SA).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal hazard evaluation by an accelerating rate calorimeter
D. I. Townsend,James C. Tou +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an accelerating rate calorimeter was developed for thermal hazard evaluation to provide time-temperature pressure data for chemical reactions taking place under adiabatic conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal hazard evaluation of the autocatalytic reaction of benzoyl peroxide using DSC and TAM III
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach was used to monitor the autocatalytic reaction of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) by non-isothermal and isothermal kinetic models constructed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal activity monitor III analyses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of thermal runaway hazard for three organic peroxides conducted by acids and alkalines with DSC, VSP2, and TAM III
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal hazards and incompatibilities of organic peroxides (OPs) were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor III (TAM III).