Journal ArticleDOI
Thermo-mechanical calculations on operation temperature limits of tungsten as plasma facing material
Takeshi Hirai,Gerald Pintsuk +1 more
TLDR
In this article, a finite element calculation of tungsten was used to determine the operating temperature of ITER-grade W under transient heat loads of 0.2 GW/m2 for 0.5 milliseconds.About:
This article is published in Fusion Engineering and Design.The article was published on 2007-06-01. It has received 81 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tungsten & Plasma-facing material.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cracking failure study of ITER-reference tungsten grade under single pulse thermal shock loads at elevated temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined cracks in an ITER-reference tungsten grade under single thermal shock loading and found that the major cracks were generated due to the brittleness of the material and microcracks were formed in a process which was initiated by plastic deformation at high temperature.
Book ChapterDOI
4.17 – Tungsten as a Plasma-Facing Material
TL;DR: The characterization and understanding of the material's behavior under high transient thermal loads, neutron irradiation-induced material degradation and transmutation, hydrogen and helium attack at the plasma-facing surface, and thermal fatigue under steady state heat fluxes as part of a tungsten component are studied in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Baseline high heat flux and plasma facing materials for fusion
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal shock characterization of tungsten deformed in two orthogonal directions
TL;DR: In this paper, a deformed tungsten forged in two orthogonal directions was investigated in its stress relieved and recrystallized state and acts as a reference material for a better understanding of the cracking process when exposed to transient thermal loads.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of tungsten degradation under combined high cycle edge-localized mode and steady-state heat loads
Th. Loewenhoff,Andreas Bürger,Jochen Linke,Gerald Pintsuk,A. Schmidt,Lorenz Singheiser,C. Thomser +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of tests performed in the electron beam facility JUDITH 2 (Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany) on actively cooled tungsten specimens, loaded with edge-localized mode-like thermal shocks (pulse duration 0.48 ms, power densities 0.14-0.55 GW m−2, frequency 25 Hz and up to 1000 000 pulses) were discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma{material interactions in current tokamaks and their implications for next step fusion reactors
G. Federici,C. H. Skinner,Jeffrey N. Brooks,J. P. Coad,C. Grisolia,A.A. Haasz,Ahmed Hassanein,V. Philipps,C. S. Pitcher,J. Roth,W R Wampler,Dennis Whyte +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the underlying physical processes and the existing experimental database of plasma-material interactions both in tokamaks and laboratory simulation facilities for conditions of direct relevance to next-step fusion reactors.
Journal ArticleDOI
ITER Relevant High Heat Flux Testing on Plasma Facing Surfaces
TL;DR: In this paper, the current ITER design employs beryllium, carbon fiber reinforced composite and tungsten as plasma facing materials and it is essential to perform high heat flux tests for R&D of ITER components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microstructure and impact properties of ultra-fine grained tungsten alloys dispersed with TiC
TL;DR: In this article, the impact toughness of the developed alloys is very sensitive to the magnitude of relative density and is greatly improved by increasing its value, and an alloy with 0.2 wt% TiC content was developed by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of tungsten alloys as plasma facing materials for the ITER divertor
TL;DR: In this article, failure limits were reached at 6.5 MW/m2 for two plasma-sprayed tungsten mock-ups, and some cracks were observed at the interface between the soft copper layer, but no indication of failure was observed from the macroscopic inspections or from the infrared images.
Journal ArticleDOI
A mature industrial solution for ITER divertor plasma facing components: Hypervapotron cooling concept adapted to Tore Supra flat tile technology
TL;DR: The use of flat tile technology to handle heat fluxes in the range of 20MW/m 2 with components relevant for fusion experiment applications is theoretically possible with the hypervapotron cooling concept as mentioned in this paper.