Journal ArticleDOI
Towards process consistency and in-situ evaluation of porosity during laser powder bed additive manufacturing
J. Raplee,Joy Gockel,F.A. List,Keith Carver,S. Foster,T. McFalls,Vincent C. Paquit,R. Rao,D. W. Gandy,S. Suresh Babu +9 more
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In this article, in-situ measurements of heat transfer conditions were taken for welding and additive manufacturing with reference to spatial and temporal variations in heat transfer, and the results showed that there is a synergy between additive manufacturing and welding.Abstract:
There is a synergy between welding and additive manufacturing with reference to spatial and temporal variations of heat transfer. In this research, in-situ measurements of heat transfer conditions ...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Qualification pathways for additively manufactured components for nuclear applications
C. Hensley,Kevin Sisco,S. Beauchamp,A. Godfrey,H. Rezayat,T. McFalls,D. Galicki,F.A. List,Keith Carver,C. Stover,David Gandy,S. Suresh Babu +11 more
TL;DR: Comprehensive and consistent process flows with computational modeling, in-situ measurements, ex-Situ characterization and mechanical testing with simple- and complex- geometries were explored and the role of post-process hot isostatic pressing, and solution anneal treatment were evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compression of Pulsed Infrared Thermography Data With Unsupervised Learning for Nondestructive Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Metals
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigate thermography data compression using several unsupervised learning (UL) algorithms, which include Principal Component Analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Sparse Dictionary Learning (SDL), and a novel lightweight Thermography Compressive Sparse Autoencoder (TCSA).
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Investigation of the thermal history of L-PBF metal parts by feature extraction from in-situ SWIR thermography
Simon Oster,Christiane Maierhofer,Gunther Mohr,Gunther Mohr,Kai Hilgenberg,Kai Hilgenberg,Alexander Ulbricht,Simon J. Altenburg +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, features extracted from thermographic data are utilized to investigate the thermal history of cylindrical metal parts and the suitability of the extracted features for in-situ process monitoring is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
An optimized scanning strategy to mitigate excessive heat accumulation caused by short scanning lines in laser powder bed fusion process
TL;DR: In this article , a specific length of scanning line without laser energy was added to each short scanning line, making each scanning line of the same length, which improved surface quality and hardness.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of in-situ process monitoring and in-situ metrology for metal additive manufacturing
Sarah K. Everton,Sarah K. Everton,Matthias Hirsch,Petros Stravroulakis,Richard Leach,Adam T. Clare +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art with respect to inspection methodologies compatible with additively manufactured (AM) processes is explored with the intention of identifying new avenues for research and proposing approaches to integration into future generations of AM systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Keyhole threshold and morphology in laser melting revealed by ultrahigh-speed x-ray imaging
Ross B. Cunningham,Cang Zhao,Niranjan D. Parab,Christopher Kantzos,Joseph Pauza,Kamel Fezzaa,Tao Sun,Anthony D. Rollett +7 more
TL;DR: The direct visualization of the keyhole morphology and dynamics with high-energy x-rays shows that (i) keyholes are present across the range of power and scanning velocity used in laser powder bed fusion; and (ii) there is a well-defined threshold from conduction mode to keyhole based on laser power density.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation into the effect of process parameters on microstructural and physical properties of 316L stainless steel parts by selective laser melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of laser energy density on 316L stainless steel properties was investigated and the impact of point distance and exposure time on porosity, surface finish, microstructure, density and hardness was evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Process defects and in situ monitoring methods in metal powder bed fusion: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature and the commercial tools for insitu monitoring of powder bed fusion (PBF) processes is presented, focusing on the development of automated defect detection rules and the study of process control strategies.