Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review.
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TLDR
In this article, a hypothesis is formulated to explain how microorganisms may become affected by gradually increasing soil metal concentrations and this is discussed in relation to defining safe or critical soil metal loadings for soil protection.Abstract:
An increasing body of evidence suggests that microorganisms are far more sensitive to heavy metal stress than soil animals or plants growing on the same soils. Not surprisingly, most studies of heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganisms have concentrated on effects where loss of microbial function can be observed and yet such studies may mask underlying effects on biodiversity within microbial populations and communities. The types of evidence which are available for determining critical metal concentrations or loadings for microbial processes and populations in agricultural soil are assessed, particularly in relation to the agricultural use of sewage sludge. Much of the confusion in deriving critical toxic concentrations of heavy metals in soils arises from comparison of experimental results based on short-term laboratory ecotoxicological studies with results from monitoring of long-term exposures of microbial populations to heavy metals in field experiments. The laboratory studies in effect measure responses to immediate, acute toxicity (disturbance) whereas the monitoring of field experiments measures responses to long-term chronic toxicity (stress) which accumulates gradually. Laboratory ecotoxicological studies are the most easily conducted and by far the most numerous, but are difficult to extrapolate meaningfully to toxic effects likely to occur in the field. Using evidence primarily derived from long-term field experiments, a hypothesis is formulated to explain how microorganisms may become affected by gradually increasing soil metal concentrations and this is discussed in relation to defining “safe” or “critical” soil metal loadings for soil protection.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Behaviour of Bacterial Populations Isolated from Rhizosphere of Diplachne fusca Dominant in Industrial Sites
TL;DR: The increase in metal ion uptake (especially Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni) by D. fusca was correlated with higher numbers of siderophore-producing, phosphate-solubilizing and acid-producing bacteria 95, 81 and 64%, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Cu applications in two contrasting soils-effects on soil microbial activity and the fungal community structure.
Katharina M. Keiblinger,Martin Schneider,Martin Schneider,Markus Gorfer,Melanie Paumann,Evi Deltedesco,Evi Deltedesco,Harald Berger,Lisa Jöchlinger,Axel Mentler,Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern,Gerhard Soja,Franz Zehetner +12 more
TL;DR: A remarkable Cu-induced change in the community composition was found, which depended on the soil properties and, hence, on Cu availability, and a large number of diverse fungi were able to thrive under elevated Cu concentrations, though within the order of Hypocreales several species declined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of interactions between nickel and other heavy metals on the soil microbiological properties
TL;DR: In this paper, a pot greenhouse experiment was performed to determine the effect of contamination with nickel interacting with other heavy metals on the microbiological properties of soil, and the results showed that contamination with heavy metals reduced the population size of Azotobacter spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for the removal of aqueous zinc ions under various experimental conditions.
TL;DR: A continuous flow reactor for engineering application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) was designed and exhibited high removal efficiency for Zn2+ and the FeOOH-shell could enhance the adsorption efficiency of nZVI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Al and heavy metals on enzymes of nitrogen metabolism of fast and slow growing rhizobia under explanta conditions
TL;DR: The study of physiology of nitrogen fixing ability of both fast and slow growing rhizobial strains reported that the supplementation of Mo and Fe in soils along with the biological formulations will enhance the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present plant strategies in the established phase and the regenerative phase in the emerging phase, respectively, and discuss the relationship between the two phases: primary strategies and secondary strategies.
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